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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-07-22), the stock price of Etteplan Oyj is €7.50. Etteplan Oyj's graham number for the quarter that ended in Mar. 2026 was €N/A. Therefore, Etteplan Oyj's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for Etteplan Oyj's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:EPL's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Construction industry.
Industry Median: 1 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Etteplan Oyj (FRA:EPL) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Etteplan Oyj's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
7.50
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Etteplan Oyj Graham Number Related Terms
Etteplan Oyj Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Etteplan Oyj's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:EPL vs PWR, FIX, EME: Graham Number Comparison
For the Engineering & Construction subindustry, Etteplan Oyj's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Etteplan Oyj Price-to-Graham-Number vs Construction Industry
For the Construction industry and Industrials sector, Etteplan Oyj's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Etteplan Oyj's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Etteplan Oyj (FRA:EPL) has a Graham Number of €N/A as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Etteplan Oyj and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Etteplan Oyj ranks #999999 out of 1216 companies in the Construction industry.
Is Etteplan Oyj's Graham Number too high?
Etteplan Oyj's current Graham Number is €N/A. Based on the distribution chart, Etteplan Oyj ranks #999999 out of 1216 companies in the Construction industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Etteplan Oyj has a GF Score™ of 66/100 and is considered Significantly Undervalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Etteplan Oyj's Graham Number compare to PWR and FIX?
According to the Construction industry distribution chart, Etteplan Oyj ranks #999999 out of 1216 companies for Graham Number. This places Etteplan Oyj in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.00. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Construction company?
The median Graham Number among Construction companies is 1.00, based on 1,216 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Etteplan Oyj and its competitors. For the Construction industry, the median Graham Number is 1.00 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Etteplan Oyj's current Graham Number is €N/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Etteplan Oyj stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Etteplan Oyj (FRA:EPL) is currently considered Significantly Undervalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €11.22, compared to a current price of €7.50 — trading 33.2% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €N/A. Etteplan Oyj's overall GF Score™ is 66/100 with 4 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Etteplan Oyj (FRA:EPL), the current Graham Number is €N/A as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Etteplan Oyj (FRA:EPL) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Etteplan Oyj stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €7.50 is trading 33.2% below its estimated GF Value™ of €11.22.
GuruFocus considers Etteplan Oyj to be Significantly Undervalued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:EPL:
Graham Number: €N/A
GF Value™: €11.22 vs. price of €7.50 (33.2% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:EPL stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Etteplan Oyj provides software and embedded solutions, industrial equipment and plant engineering, and technical communication and data solutions to manufacturing companies, aimed at improving product competitiveness across the product lifecycle. It operates through three segments: Engineering Solutions (generates maximum revenue), which includes product development, plant engineering, and engineering-to-order projects; Software and Embedded Solutions, which focuses on machine control, digital connectivity, and Internet of Things solutions; and Technical Communication and Data Solutions, which includes technical documentation and content management. The company operates mainly in Finland (generates maximum revenue), as well as in Scandinavia, Central Europe, and China.
66GF Score
Get the complete analysis for FRA:EPL
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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