Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2024-06-09), the stock price of Acino Holding AG is €93.92. Acino Holding AG's graham number for the quarter that ended in Dec. 2013 was €N/A. Therefore, Acino Holding AG's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for Acino Holding AG's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 11 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Acino Holding AG was 3.90. The lowest was 0.00. And the median was 2.18.
FRA:S3H's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Drug Manufacturers industry.
Industry Median: 1.555 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Acino Holding AG Graham Number Historical Data
The historical data trend for Acino Holding AG's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Competitive Comparison of Acino Holding AG's Graham Number
For the Drug Manufacturers - General subindustry, Acino Holding AG's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Acino Holding AG's Price-to-Graham-Number Distribution in the Drug Manufacturers Industry
For the Drug Manufacturers industry and Healthcare sector, Acino Holding AG's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Acino Holding AG's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
Acino Holding AG Graham Number Calculation
Graham Number is a concept based on Ben Graham's conservative valuation of companies.
Acino Holding AG's Graham Number for the fiscal year that ended in Dec. 2013 is calculated as
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Acino Holding AG (FRA:S3H) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Acino Holding AG's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2013 )
=
93.92
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Acino Holding AG Graham Number Related Terms
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Acino Holding AG's Graham Number provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
Acino Holding AG is a Switzerland-based company engaged in the pharmaceutical industry. The Company develops, manufactures, and markets pharmaceuticals in novel drug delivery forms internationally. It is divided into four segments Business to Consumer (BtC); Business to Business (BtB); Technology marketing (TM); and Production (Prod). The BtC segment comprises all direct marketing activities. Under the company's "Acino Switzerland" brand and, with the promise of Swiss quality, the company sells its products in emerging markets around the globe. This reporting segment includes the business purchased from Mepha/Cephalon in the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Asia. The BtB segment comprises Acino's business with its internally developed products, for which the company also owns the intellectual property rights. Acino develops and produces high-quality medicines with proven active ingredients and modern drug delivery systems and grants licenses for them to leading pharmaceutical and generic pharmaceutical companies worldwide. The technology marketing segment comprises a broad spectrum of fully integrated contract services, including procurement, contract development, production and packaging for companies in the life sciences industry. On behalf of these customers, Acino develops a comprehensive product pipeline on the basis of its special technological know-how. This includes both new types of medicines as well as projects with innovative drug delivery systems for established active ingredients. The production segment is responsible for the manufacturing of products and the supplying of the other three segments, and generates turnover through the reimbursement of its services. The manufacturing costs of products are credited to the production segment at standard prices along with remuneration in the form of a mark-up for materials and production costs.
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