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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
FRA:T2G'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 1.8 Med: 4.3 Max: 10.19
Current: 5.09
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank was 10.19. The lowest was 1.80. And the median was 4.30.
FRA:T2G's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 93.54% of 526
companies
in the Capital Markets industry
Industry Median: 1.11
vs FRA:T2G: 5.09
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank (FRA:T2G) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2025 )
=
84.00
/
16.50
=
5.09
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank Graham Number Related Terms
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank Graham Number Chart
For the Capital Markets subindustry, Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank Price-to-Graham-Number vs Capital Markets Industry
For the Capital Markets industry and Financial Services sector, Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank (FRA:T2G) has a Graham Number of €16.50 as of Dec. 2025. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank and its competitors. This is 284% above median its historical median of 4.30. Over the past decade, Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's Graham Number has ranged from 1.80 to 10.19. According to the industry distribution chart, Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank ranks #492 out of 526 companies in the Capital Markets industry, placing it in the top 93.5%.
Is Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's Graham Number too high?
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's current Graham Number of €16.50 is 284% above median its 10-year median of 4.30. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 1.80 to a high of 10.19. Based on the distribution chart, Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank ranks #492 out of 526 companies in the Capital Markets industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank has a GF Score™ of 18/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's Graham Number compare to MS and GS?
According to the Capital Markets industry distribution chart, Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank ranks #492 out of 526 companies for Graham Number. This places Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.11. Historically, Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's own Graham Number has ranged from 1.80 to 10.19 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Capital Markets company?
The median Graham Number among Capital Markets companies is 1.11, based on 526 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank and its competitors. For the Capital Markets industry, the median Graham Number is 1.11 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's current Graham Number is €16.50, which is 284% above median its own 10-year median of 4.30. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank stock overvalued right now?
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank (FRA:T2G) has a current Graham Number of €16.50. The stock's GF Value™ is €124.70, compared to a current price of €84.00 — trading 32.6% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €16.50, which is 284% above median its 10-year median of 4.30. Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank's overall GF Score™ is 18/100 with 1 warning sign to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank (FRA:T2G), the current Graham Number is €16.50 as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank (FRA:T2G) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €84.00 is trading 32.6% below its estimated GF Value™ of €124.70.
Key valuation signals for FRA:T2G:
Graham Number: €16.50 (284% above median its 10-year median of 4.30)
GF Value™: €124.70 vs. price of €84.00 (32.6% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:T2G stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank is a Germany-based company. It is engaged in providing banking and financial services. In addition to retail banking, the company focuses on the trading of several domestic and foreign securities on the Tradegate Exchange, and the Frankfurt and Berlin stock exchanges. The company's main business activity consists of market specialist activities and market making; it acts as a Market Specialist on the Tradegate Exchange and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and as an order book manager on the Berlin Stock Exchange. It extends its services to the securities listing on the stock exchanges in Munich, Stuttgart, Hamburg, Hanover, and Dusseldorf.
18GF Score
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Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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