Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
Puma Energy ZambiaLUS:PUMA 34 Graham Number is ZMWN/A as of . 20. GuruFocus rates LUS:PUMA with a GF Score™ of 34/100. Among 611 Oil & Gas companies, Puma Energy Zambia ranks worse than 163665.96% on this metric.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-08-03), the stock price of Puma Energy Zambia is ZMW2.80. Puma Energy Zambia's graham number for the quarter that ended in . 20 was ZMWN/A. Therefore, Puma Energy Zambia's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for Puma Energy Zambia's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
LUS:PUMA's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Oil & Gas industry.
Industry Median: 1.1 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Puma Energy Zambia (LUS:PUMA) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Puma Energy Zambia's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: . 20 )
=
2.80
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Puma Energy Zambia Graham Number Related Terms
Puma Energy Zambia Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Puma Energy Zambia's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Puma Energy Zambia Graham Number Chart
Puma Energy Zambia Annual Data
Trend
Graham Number
Puma Energy Zambia Semi-Annual Data
Graham Number
LUS:PUMA vs : Graham Number Comparison
For the Oil & Gas Refining & Marketing subindustry, Puma Energy Zambia's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Puma Energy Zambia Price-to-Graham-Number vs Oil & Gas Industry
For the Oil & Gas industry and Energy sector, Puma Energy Zambia's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Puma Energy Zambia's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Puma Energy Zambia (LUS:PUMA) has a Graham Number of ZMWN/A as of . 20. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Puma Energy Zambia and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Puma Energy Zambia ranks #999999 out of 611 companies in the Oil & Gas industry.
Is Puma Energy Zambia's Graham Number too high?
Puma Energy Zambia's current Graham Number is ZMWN/A. Based on the distribution chart, Puma Energy Zambia ranks #999999 out of 611 companies in the Oil & Gas industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Puma Energy Zambia has a GF Score™ of 34/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Puma Energy Zambia's Graham Number compare to ?
According to the Oil & Gas industry distribution chart, Puma Energy Zambia ranks #999999 out of 611 companies for Graham Number. This places Puma Energy Zambia in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.10. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for an Oil & Gas company?
The median Graham Number among Oil & Gas companies is 1.10, based on 611 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Puma Energy Zambia and its competitors. For the Oil & Gas industry, the median Graham Number is 1.10 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Puma Energy Zambia's current Graham Number is ZMWN/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Puma Energy Zambia stock overvalued right now?
Puma Energy Zambia (LUS:PUMA) has a current Graham Number of ZMWN/A. The current Graham Number is ZMWN/A. Puma Energy Zambia's overall GF Score™ is 34/100. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Puma Energy Zambia (LUS:PUMA), the current Graham Number is ZMWN/A as of . 20. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Puma Energy Zambia PLC is an integrated energy supply group. It specialises in delivering sustainable, quality products and services to the local market, domestic fuel, and fuel-related services. Its products and services include Retail Aviation, Bitumen, Renewable and Lower Carbon Energy, Commercial Fuels, LPG, and Lubricants. The Group is organised into business units based on products and services and has two reportable segments as follows: Downstream business activities that include distribution, wholesale, and retail sales of refined products. Midstream business activities that include refining and storage of oil and gas products. The Group is organised in four main regions: Latin America, Asia Pacific, Africa, and Europe.
34GF Score
Get the complete analysis for LUS:PUMA
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
LUS:PUMA has been successfully added to your 
