Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for Fjord Defence Group ASA's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 10 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Fjord Defence Group ASA was 1.43. The lowest was 0.10. And the median was 0.30.
OSL:DFENS's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Aerospace & Defense industry.
Industry Median: 3.06 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Fjord Defence Group ASA (OSL:DFENS) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Fjord Defence Group ASA's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
14.60
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Fjord Defence Group ASA Graham Number Related Terms
Fjord Defence Group ASA Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
OSL:DFENS vs SPCX, GE, RTX: Graham Number Comparison
For the Aerospace & Defense subindustry, Fjord Defence Group ASA's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Fjord Defence Group ASA Price-to-Graham-Number vs Aerospace & Defense Industry
For the Aerospace & Defense industry and Industrials sector, Fjord Defence Group ASA's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Fjord Defence Group ASA's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Fjord Defence Group ASA (OSL:DFENS) has a Graham Number of krN/A as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Fjord Defence Group ASA and its competitors. Over the past decade, Fjord Defence Group ASA's Graham Number has ranged from 0.10 to 1.43. According to the industry distribution chart, Fjord Defence Group ASA ranks #999999 out of 217 companies in the Aerospace & Defense industry.
Is Fjord Defence Group ASA's Graham Number too high?
Fjord Defence Group ASA's current Graham Number is krN/A. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 0.10 to a high of 1.43. Based on the distribution chart, Fjord Defence Group ASA ranks #999999 out of 217 companies in the Aerospace & Defense industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Fjord Defence Group ASA has a GF Score™ of 55/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Fjord Defence Group ASA's Graham Number compare to SPCX and GE?
According to the Aerospace & Defense industry distribution chart, Fjord Defence Group ASA ranks #999999 out of 217 companies for Graham Number. This places Fjord Defence Group ASA in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 3.06. Historically, Fjord Defence Group ASA's own Graham Number has ranged from 0.10 to 1.43 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for an Aerospace & Defense company?
The median Graham Number among Aerospace & Defense companies is 3.06, based on 217 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Fjord Defence Group ASA and its competitors. For the Aerospace & Defense industry, the median Graham Number is 3.06 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Fjord Defence Group ASA's current Graham Number is krN/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Fjord Defence Group ASA stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Fjord Defence Group ASA (OSL:DFENS) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is kr6.22, compared to a current price of kr14.60 — trading 134.7% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is krN/A. Fjord Defence Group ASA's overall GF Score™ is 55/100 with 6 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Fjord Defence Group ASA (OSL:DFENS), the current Graham Number is krN/A as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Fjord Defence Group ASA (OSL:DFENS) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Fjord Defence Group ASA stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of kr14.60 is trading 134.7% above its estimated GF Value™ of kr6.22.
GuruFocus considers Fjord Defence Group ASA to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for OSL:DFENS:
Graham Number: krN/A
GF Value™: kr6.22 vs. price of kr14.60 (134.7% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the OSL:DFENS stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Fjord Defence Group ASA is a Norwegian defence compounder engaged in acquiring and growing small to mid-sized profitable defence tech companies. The company is building a portfolio of fast-growing, profitable companies to capitalise on a c in defense spending.
55GF Score
Get the complete analysis for OSL:DFENS
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
OSL:DFENS has been successfully added to your 
