Photozou Holdings (Photozou Holdings) Graham Number : $N/A (As of Feb. 2024)

Photozou Holdings Graham Number Chart

Photozou Holdings Annual Data
	Trend	Nov15	Nov16	Nov17	Nov18	Nov19	Nov20	Nov21	Nov22	Nov23
Graham Number		Get a 7-Day Free Trial				-	-	-	-	-

Photozou Holdings Quarterly Data
	May19	Aug19	Nov19	Feb20	May20	Aug20	Nov20	Feb21	May21	Aug21	Nov21	Feb22	May22	Aug22	Nov22	Feb23	May23	Aug23	Nov23	Feb24
Graham Number	Get a 7-Day Free Trial															-	-	-	-	-

Competitive Comparison of Photozou Holdings's Graham Number

For the Specialty Retail subindustry, Photozou Holdings's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.

Photozou Holdings's Price-to-Graham-Number Distribution in the Retail - Cyclical Industry

For the Retail - Cyclical industry and Consumer Cyclical sector, Photozou Holdings's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Photozou Holdings's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.

Photozou Holdings Graham Number Calculation

Graham Number is a concept based on Ben Graham's conservative valuation of companies.

Photozou Holdings's Graham Number for the fiscal year that ended in Nov. 2023 is calculated as

Photozou Holdings's Graham Number for the quarter that ended in Feb. 2024 is calculated as

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

Photozou Holdings  (OTCPK:PTZH) Graham Number Explanation

Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:

Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.

Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)

Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.

In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.

Photozou Holdings's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

Be Aware

Please keep these in mind:

1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.

Photozou Holdings Graham Number Related Terms

Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Photozou Holdings's Graham Number provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.

Photozou Holdings (Photozou Holdings) Business Description