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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co (ROCO:5210) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Jun. 2026 )
=
28.95
/
15.85
=
1.83
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co Graham Number Related Terms
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co Graham Number Chart
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co Annual Data
ROCO:5210 vs CRM, SHOP, UBER: Graham Number Comparison
For the Software - Application subindustry, Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co Price-to-Graham-Number vs Software Industry
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co (ROCO:5210) has a Graham Number of NT$15.85 as of Jun. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co ranks #710 out of 1468 companies in the Software industry, placing it in the top 48.4%.
Is Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co's Graham Number too high?
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co's current Graham Number is NT$15.85. Based on the distribution chart, Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co ranks #710 out of 1468 companies in the Software industry, which is above the industry midpoint. Overall, Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co has a GF Score™ of 56/100 and is considered Modestly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co's Graham Number compare to CRM and SHOP?
According to the Software industry distribution chart, Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co ranks #710 out of 1468 companies for Graham Number. This puts Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co in the upper half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.88. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Software company?
The median Graham Number among Software companies is 1.88, based on 1,468 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co and its competitors. For the Software industry, the median Graham Number is 1.88 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co's current Graham Number is NT$15.85. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co (ROCO:5210) is currently considered Modestly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is NT$23.62, compared to a current price of NT$28.95 — trading 22.6% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is NT$15.85. Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co's overall GF Score™ is 56/100 with 5 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co (ROCO:5210), the current Graham Number is NT$15.85 as of Jun. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co (ROCO:5210) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of NT$28.95 is trading 22.6% above its estimated GF Value™ of NT$23.62.
GuruFocus considers Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co to be Modestly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for ROCO:5210:
Graham Number: NT$15.85
GF Value™: NT$23.62 vs. price of NT$28.95 (22.6% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the ROCO:5210 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Apex International Financial Engineering Res & Tec Co Ltd is engaged in information software services, electronic information services, system integration services, and solar power engineering contracts. Its segment are: Information Services Department, engaged in the planning, construction, sales, and maintenance of financial information products, information conference systems, financial laboratories for the school education market, and systems related to financial commodity trading platforms. It operates in Taiwan, which generates maximum revenue, and Asia.
56GF Score
Get the complete analysis for ROCO:5210
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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