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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for Kaulin Manufacturing Co's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
TPE:1531'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.55 Med: 1 Max: 2.1
Current: 1.4
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Kaulin Manufacturing Co was 2.10. The lowest was 0.55. And the median was 1.00.
TPE:1531's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked better than 61.08% of 2238
companies
in the Industrial Products industry
Industry Median: 1.76
vs TPE:1531: 1.40
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Kaulin Manufacturing Co (TPE:1531) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Kaulin Manufacturing Co's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Jun. 2026 )
=
13.70
/
9.78
=
1.40
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Kaulin Manufacturing Co Graham Number Related Terms
Kaulin Manufacturing Co Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
TPE:1531 vs GEV, ETN, PH: Graham Number Comparison
For the Specialty Industrial Machinery subindustry, Kaulin Manufacturing Co's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Kaulin Manufacturing Co Price-to-Graham-Number vs Industrial Products Industry
For the Industrial Products industry and Industrials sector, Kaulin Manufacturing Co's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Kaulin Manufacturing Co's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Kaulin Manufacturing Co (TPE:1531) has a Graham Number of NT$9.78 as of Jun. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Kaulin Manufacturing Co and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Kaulin Manufacturing Co ranks #871 out of 2238 companies in the Industrial Products industry, placing it in the top 38.9%.
Is Kaulin Manufacturing Co's Graham Number too high?
Kaulin Manufacturing Co's current Graham Number is NT$9.78. Based on the distribution chart, Kaulin Manufacturing Co ranks #871 out of 2238 companies in the Industrial Products industry, which is above the industry midpoint. Overall, Kaulin Manufacturing Co has a GF Score™ of 64/100 and is considered Fairly Valued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Kaulin Manufacturing Co's Graham Number compare to GEV and ETN?
According to the Industrial Products industry distribution chart, Kaulin Manufacturing Co ranks #871 out of 2238 companies for Graham Number. This puts Kaulin Manufacturing Co in the upper half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.76. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for an Industrial Products company?
The median Graham Number among Industrial Products companies is 1.76, based on 2,238 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Kaulin Manufacturing Co and its competitors. For the Industrial Products industry, the median Graham Number is 1.76 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Kaulin Manufacturing Co's current Graham Number is NT$9.78. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Kaulin Manufacturing Co stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Kaulin Manufacturing Co (TPE:1531) is currently considered Fairly Valued. The stock's GF Value™ is NT$12.57, compared to a current price of NT$13.70 — trading 9% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is NT$9.78. Kaulin Manufacturing Co's overall GF Score™ is 64/100 with 3 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Kaulin Manufacturing Co (TPE:1531), the current Graham Number is NT$9.78 as of Jun. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Kaulin Manufacturing Co (TPE:1531) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Kaulin Manufacturing Co stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of NT$13.70 is trading 9% above its estimated GF Value™ of NT$12.57.
GuruFocus considers Kaulin Manufacturing Co to be Fairly Valued.
Key valuation signals for TPE:1531:
Graham Number: NT$9.78
GF Value™: NT$12.57 vs. price of NT$13.70 (9% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the TPE:1531 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Kaulin Manufacturing Co Ltd is a Taiwan-based company, that engages in the manufacture and distribution of sewing machines and related spare parts. Its business activities include manufacturing, assembly, and trading of a variety of sewing machines, parts, and components; casting, processing, and trading of milling products, and sewing machine parts. The company products include overlock, interlock, double chain stitch, and lockstitch. Geographically, it operates in China, Asia, Japan, Latin America, and India.
64GF Score
Get the complete analysis for TPE:1531
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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