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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
WAR:PPS's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Consumer Packaged Goods industry.
Industry Median: 1.1 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees (WAR:PPS) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
0.768
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees Graham Number Related Terms
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees Graham Number Chart
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees Annual Data
For the Packaged Foods subindustry, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees Price-to-Graham-Number vs Consumer Packaged Goods Industry
For the Consumer Packaged Goods industry and Consumer Defensive sector, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees (WAR:PPS) has a Graham Number of złN/A as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees and its competitors. Over the past decade, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees' Graham Number has ranged from 0.34 to 2.81. According to the industry distribution chart, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees ranks #999999 out of 1385 companies in the Consumer Packaged Goods industry.
Is Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees' Graham Number too high?
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees' current Graham Number is złN/A. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 0.34 to a high of 2.81. Based on the distribution chart, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees ranks #999999 out of 1385 companies in the Consumer Packaged Goods industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees has a GF Score™ of 37/100 and is considered Modestly Undervalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees' Graham Number compare to KHC and GIS?
According to the Consumer Packaged Goods industry distribution chart, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees ranks #999999 out of 1385 companies for Graham Number. This places Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.10. Historically, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees' own Graham Number has ranged from 0.34 to 2.81 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Consumer Packaged Goods company?
The median Graham Number among Consumer Packaged Goods companies is 1.10, based on 1,385 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees and its competitors. For the Consumer Packaged Goods industry, the median Graham Number is 1.10 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees's current Graham Number is złN/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees (WAR:PPS) is currently considered Modestly Undervalued. The stock's GF Value™ is zł0.98, compared to a current price of zł0.77 — trading 21.6% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is złN/A. Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees' overall GF Score™ is 37/100 with 3 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees (WAR:PPS), the current Graham Number is złN/A as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees (WAR:PPS) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of zł0.77 is trading 21.6% below its estimated GF Value™ of zł0.98.
GuruFocus considers Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees to be Modestly Undervalued.
Key valuation signals for WAR:PPS:
Graham Number: złN/A
GF Value™: zł0.98 vs. price of zł0.77 (21.6% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the WAR:PPS stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Przedsiebiorstwo Przemyslu Spozywczego Pepees SA is a Poland based manufacturer of potato starch and its products. Its products include maltodextrin, a component of powdered products; potato protein; maltose syrups and crystalline glucose among others.
37GF Score
Get the complete analysis for WAR:PPS
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