Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for La Forestiere Equatoriale's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
XPAR:FORE'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 5.25 Med: 6.91 Max: 25.42
Current: 7.11
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of La Forestiere Equatoriale was 25.42. The lowest was 5.25. And the median was 6.91.
XPAR:FORE's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked
in the Transportation industry.
Industry Median: 1.035
vs XPAR:FORE: 7.11
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
La Forestiere Equatoriale (XPAR:FORE) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
La Forestiere Equatoriale's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2025 )
=
880.00
/
125.28
=
7.02
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
La Forestiere Equatoriale Graham Number Related Terms
La Forestiere Equatoriale Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
XPAR:FORE vs UNP, CSX, NSC: Graham Number Comparison
For the Railroads subindustry, La Forestiere Equatoriale's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
La Forestiere Equatoriale Price-to-Graham-Number vs Transportation Industry
For the Transportation industry and Industrials sector, La Forestiere Equatoriale's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where La Forestiere Equatoriale's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
La Forestiere Equatoriale (XPAR:FORE) has a Graham Number of €125.28 as of Dec. 2025. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on La Forestiere Equatoriale and its competitors. This is 1713% above median its historical median of 6.91. Over the past decade, La Forestiere Equatoriale's Graham Number has ranged from 5.25 to 25.42.
Is La Forestiere Equatoriale's Graham Number too high?
La Forestiere Equatoriale's current Graham Number of €125.28 is 1713% above median its 10-year median of 6.91. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 5.25 to a high of 25.42. Overall, La Forestiere Equatoriale has a GF Score™ of 14/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does La Forestiere Equatoriale's Graham Number compare to UNP and CSX?
La Forestiere Equatoriale's Graham Number of €125.28 can be compared against companies in the Transportation industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.04. Historically, La Forestiere Equatoriale's own Graham Number has ranged from 5.25 to 25.42 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Transportation company?
The median Graham Number among Transportation companies is 1.04, based on 740 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on La Forestiere Equatoriale and its competitors. For the Transportation industry, the median Graham Number is 1.04 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. La Forestiere Equatoriale's current Graham Number is €125.28, which is 1713% above median its own 10-year median of 6.91. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is La Forestiere Equatoriale stock overvalued right now?
La Forestiere Equatoriale (XPAR:FORE) has a current Graham Number of €125.28. The current Graham Number is €125.28, which is 1713% above median its 10-year median of 6.91. La Forestiere Equatoriale's overall GF Score™ is 14/100 with 2 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For La Forestiere Equatoriale (XPAR:FORE), the current Graham Number is €125.28 as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
La Forestiere Equatoriale is a holding company and is part of the Bollore group. The Company has stakes through Sofib in Sitarail, a company that manages the passenger and freight railway link between the Ivory Coast and Burkina-Faso.
14GF Score
Get the complete analysis for XPAR:FORE
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
XPAR:FORE has been successfully added to your 
