Apple (NAS:AAPL) Graham Number

: $22.82 (As of Mar. 2023)

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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.

As of today (2023-05-31), the stock price of Apple is $177.30. Apple's graham number for the quarter that ended in Mar. 2023 was $22.82. Therefore, Apple's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 7.77.

The historical rank and industry rank for Apple's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:

AAPL' s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.76 Med: 1.99 Max: 7.82
Current: 7.77

During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Apple was 7.82. The lowest was 0.76. And the median was 1.99.

AAPL's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than
96.92% of 1560 companies
in the Hardware industry
Industry Median: 1.39 vs AAPL: 7.77

Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.

Apple Graham Number Historical Data

The historical data trend for Apple's Graham Number can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Apple Annual Data

Trend

Sep13

Sep14

Sep15

Sep16

Sep17

Sep18

Sep19

Sep20

Sep21

Sep22

Graham Number

19.43

18.44

16.85

22.02

20.90

Apple Quarterly Data
	Jun18	Sep18	Dec18	Mar19	Jun19	Sep19	Dec19	Mar20	Jun20	Sep20	Dec20	Mar21	Jun21	Sep21	Dec21	Mar22	Jun22	Sep22	Dec22	Mar23
Graham Number																24.01	22.19	20.90	21.78	22.82

Competitive Comparison

For the Consumer Electronics subindustry, Apple's Graham Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Graham Number data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.

Annual Data Quarterly Data

Apple Graham Number Distribution

For the Hardware industry and Technology sector, Apple's Graham Number distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Apple's Graham Number falls in comparison to its industry or sector. The grey bar indicates the Graham Number's extreme value range as defined by GuruFocus.

Apple Graham Number Calculation

Graham Number is a concept based on Ben Graham's conservative valuation of companies.

Apple's Graham Number for the fiscal year that ended in Sep. 2022 is calculated as

	Graham Number
=	sqrt of (22.5	*	Tangible Book per Share	*	EPS without NRI)
=	sqrt of (22.5	*	3.178	*	6.11)
=	20.90

Apple's Graham Number for the quarter that ended in Mar. 2023 is calculated as

	Graham Number
=	sqrt of (22.5	*	Tangible Book per Share	*	EPS without NRI (TTM))
=	sqrt of (22.5	*	3.929	*	5.89)
=	22.82

Apple (NAS:AAPL) Graham Number Explanation

Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:

Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.

Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)

Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.

In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.

Apple's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as

Price to Graham number	=	Share Price (Today)	/	Graham number (Q: Mar. 2023 )
	=	177.30	/	22.82
	=	7.77

Be Aware

Please keep these in mind:

1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.

Apple Graham Number Related Terms

Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Apple's Graham Number provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.

Apple (NAS:AAPL) Business Description

Industry

GURUFOCUS.COM » STOCK LIST » Technology » Hardware » Apple Inc (NAS:AAPL) » Definitions » Graham Number

Traded in Other Exchanges

AAPL:Peru AAPL:Mexico AAPL:Italy 0R2V:UK APC:Germany AAPL:Chile AAPL:Canada AAPL34:Brazil AAPL:Austria AAPL:Argentina

Address

One Apple Park Way, Cupertino, CA, USA, 95014

Website

https://www.apple.com

Apple designs a wide variety of consumer electronic devices, including smartphones (iPhone), tablets (iPad), PCs (Mac), smartwatches (Apple Watch), and AirPods. The iPhone makes up most of Apple's total revenue. In addition, Apple offers its customers a variety of services such as Apple Music, iCloud, Apple Care, Apple TV+, Apple Arcade, Apple Fitness, Apple Card, and Apple Pay, among others. Apple's products include internally developed software and semiconductors, and the firm is well known for its integration of hardware, software, semiconductors, and services. Apple's products are distributed online as well as through company-owned stores and third-party retailers. The company generates roughly 40% of its revenue from the Americas, with the remainder earned internationally.

Executives

Alex Gorsky	director	JOHNSON & JOHNSON, ONE JOHNSON & JOHNSON PLAZA, NEW BRUNSWICK NJ 08933
Monica C Lozano	director
Deirdre O'brien	officer: Senior Vice President	ONE APPLE PARK WAY, CUPERTINO CA 95014
Robert A Iger	director	C/O WALT DISNEY CO, 500 S BUENA VISTA STREET, BURBANK CA 91521-1062
Andrea Jung	director	C/O APPLE INC, ONE APPLE PARK WAY, CUPERTINO CA 95014
Susan Wagner	director	C/O BLACKROCK, INC., 40 EAST 52ND STREET, NEW YORK NY 10022
James A Bell	director	C/O THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, 2211 H.H. DOW WAY, MIDLAND MI 48674
Albert Jr Gore	director	C/O APPLE INC, 1 INFINITE LOOP, CUPERTINO CA 95014
Ronald D Sugar	director	10877 WILSHIRE BLVD., SUITE 1650, LOS ANGELES CA 900274
Katherine L. Adams	officer: SVP, General Counsel	APPLE INC., 1 INFINITE LOOP, CUPERTINO CA 95014
Luca Maestri	officer: Senior Vice President, CFO	1 INFINITE LOOP, CUPERTINO CA 95014
Angela J Ahrendts	officer: Senior Vice President	1 INFINITE LOOP, CUPERTINO CA 95014
Jeffrey E Williams	officer: COO	ONE INFINITE LOOP, CUPERTINO CA 95014
Philip W Schiller	officer: Senior Vice President	C/O APPLE INC, ONE INFINITE LOOP, CUPERTINO CA 95014
Eduardo H Cue	officer: Senior Vice President	1 INFINITE LOOP, CUPERTINO CA 95014