Samse Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Samse's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Samse Beneish M-Score Chart
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Samse Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
Dec24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.74 |
-2.51 |
-2.60 |
-2.65 |
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Samse Semi-Annual Data
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Jun15 |
Dec15 |
Jun16 |
Dec16 |
Jun17 |
Dec17 |
Jun18 |
Dec18 |
Jun19 |
Dec19 |
Jun20 |
Dec20 |
Jun21 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
Dec22 |
Jun23 |
Dec23 |
Jun24 |
Dec24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.60 |
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-2.65 |
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Competitive Comparison of Samse's Beneish M-Score
For the Industrial Distribution subindustry, Samse's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Samse's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Industrial Distribution Industry
For the Industrial Distribution industry and Industrials sector, Samse's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Samse's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Samse Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Samse for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0039 | + | 0.528 * 1.0155 | + | 0.404 * 1.127 | + | 0.892 * 0.9883 | + | 0.115 * 1.0463 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0364 | + | 4.679 * -0.048589 | - | 0.327 * 0.9836 |
| = | -2.65 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was €334 Mil.
Revenue was €1,889 Mil.
Gross Profit was €589 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €869 Mil.
Total Assets was €1,475 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €465 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €59 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €23 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €491 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €322 Mil.
Net Income was €76 Mil.
Gross Profit was €0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was €148 Mil.
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Total Receivables was €336 Mil.
Revenue was €1,912 Mil.
Gross Profit was €605 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €905 Mil.
Total Assets was €1,460 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €430 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €57 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €23 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €525 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €293 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (333.82 / 1889.323) | / | (336.467 / 1911.766) |
| = | 0.176688 | / | 0.175998 |
| | = | 1.0039 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (605.088 / 1911.766) | / | (588.842 / 1889.323) |
| = | 0.316507 | / | 0.311668 |
| | = | 1.0155 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (869.224 + 464.672) / 1475.425) | / | (1 - (905.454 + 429.829) / 1459.504) |
| = | 0.095924 | / | 0.085112 |
| | = | 1.127 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1889.323 | / | 1911.766 |
| | = | 0.9883 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (56.999 / (56.999 + 429.829)) | / | (58.546 / (58.546 + 464.672)) |
| = | 0.117082 | / | 0.111896 |
| | = | 1.0463 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (23.334 / 1889.323) | / | (22.781 / 1911.766) |
| = | 0.01235 | / | 0.011916 |
| | = | 1.0364 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((322.097 + 490.896) / 1475.425) | / | ((292.952 + 524.716) / 1459.504) |
| = | 0.551023 | / | 0.560237 |
| | = | 0.9836 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (76.432 - 0 | - | 148.121) | / | 1475.425 |
| | = | -0.048589 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Samse has a M-score of -2.65 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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