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Callaway Golf Co FRA:CLY
Callaway Golf Co FRA:CLY +1.72% 72 Beneish M-Score is -3.25 as of Jun. 26, 2026. GuruFocus rates FRA:CLY with a GF Score™ of 72/100 and a GF Value™ of €10.20 (Significantly Overvalued). The stock has 11 warning signs investors should review. Among 824 Travel & Leisure companies, Callaway Golf Co ranks better than 87.62% on this metric.
The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Good Sign:
Beneish M-Score -3.25 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
The historical rank and industry rank for Callaway Golf Co's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Callaway Golf Co was -1.08. The lowest was -4.38. And the median was -2.37.
The historical data trend for Callaway Golf Co's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| Callaway Golf Co Annual Data | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Trend | Dec16 | Dec17 | Dec18 | Dec19 | Dec20 | Dec21 | Dec22 | Dec23 | Dec24 | Dec25 | |||||||||||
| Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial |
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-1.96 | -1.96 | -1.08 | -3.77 | -3.45 | |||||||||||||
| Callaway Golf Co Quarterly Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Jun21 | Sep21 | Dec21 | Mar22 | Jun22 | Sep22 | Dec22 | Mar23 | Jun23 | Sep23 | Dec23 | Mar24 | Jun24 | Sep24 | Dec24 | Mar25 | Jun25 | Sep25 | Dec25 | Mar26 | |
| Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial |
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-4.38 | -3.52 | -3.68 | -3.45 | -3.25 | ||
For the Leisure subindustry, Callaway Golf Co's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Travel & Leisure industry and Consumer Cyclical sector, Callaway Golf Co's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Callaway Golf Co's Beneish M-Score falls into.
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Callaway Golf Co for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8531 | + | 0.528 * 0.8889 | + | 0.404 * 1.3252 | + | 0.892 * 1.0322 | + | 0.115 * -0.0357 | |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI | |||||||
| - | 0.172 * 0.9629 | + | 4.679 * -0.173343 | - | 0.327 * 0.6837 | |||||||
| = | -3.33 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar26) TTM: | Last Year (Mar25) TTM: |
| Total Receivables was €380 Mil. Revenue was 594.687 + -919.502 + 795.768 + 962.803 = €1,434 Mil. Gross Profit was 282.595 + -947.769 + 514.864 + 611.755 = €461 Mil. Total Current Assets was €1,406 Mil. Total Assets was €2,751 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €277 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €40 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €508 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was €617 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €289 Mil. Net Income was 80.531 + -356.118 + -12.524 + 17.6 = €-271 Mil. Non Operating Income was -21.452 + 22.375 + 5.282 + -12.832 = €-7 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was -146.185 + 54.571 + 194.597 + 110.022 = €213 Mil. |
Total Receivables was €431 Mil. Revenue was 582.38 + -1181.526 + 912.623 + 1075.596 = €1,389 Mil. Gross Profit was 262.33 + -1117.541 + 572.856 + 679.749 = €397 Mil. Total Current Assets was €1,817 Mil. Total Assets was €7,117 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €3,215 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €-15 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €511 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was €859 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €2,570 Mil. |
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (379.648 / 1433.756) | / | (431.142 / 1389.073) | |
| = | 0.264793 | / | 0.310381 | |
| = | 0.8531 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) | |
| = | (397.394 / 1389.073) | / | (461.445 / 1433.756) | |
| = | 0.286086 | / | 0.321843 | |
| = | 0.8889 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (1405.884 + 277.405) / 2751.132) | / | (1 - (1817.44 + 3214.837) / 7116.857) | |
| = | 0.388147 | / | 0.292907 | |
| = | 1.3252 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 | |
| = | 1433.756 | / | 1389.073 | |
| = | 1.0322 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (-14.526 / (-14.526 + 3214.837)) | / | (40.472 / (40.472 + 277.405)) | |
| = | -0.004539 | / | 0.12732 | |
| = | -0.0357 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (507.976 / 1433.756) | / | (511.111 / 1389.073) | |
| = | 0.354297 | / | 0.367951 | |
| = | 0.9629 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((288.91 + 617.264) / 2751.132) | / | ((2569.65 + 858.955) / 7116.857) | |
| = | 0.329382 | / | 0.481758 | |
| = | 0.6837 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t | |
| = | (-270.511 - -6.627 | - | 213.005) | / | 2751.132 | |
| = | -0.173343 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Callaway Golf Co has a M-score of -3.33 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Callaway Golf Co stock appears to be overvalued. The current stock price of €16.23 is trading 59.1% above its estimated GF Value™ of €10.20. GuruFocus considers Callaway Golf Co to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:CLY:
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:CLY stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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