Deep Source Holdings (FRA:TM4C) Beneish M-Score: -2.11 (As of Jul. 30, 2026)

Author: Vera Yuan Vera Yuan
Vera Yuan
Vera Yuan
Director of Data and Quant Analytics at GuruFocus
Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Reviewed by: Charlie Tian Charlie Tian
Charlie Tian
Charlie Tian
Founder & CEO of GuruFocus
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.

FRA:TM4C Deep Source Holdings Ltd FRA:TM4C
53 GF Score
Price €0.06
GF Value €0.02
! 7 Warning Signs
View Full Analysis

What is Deep Source Holdings Beneish M-Score?

Deep Source Holdings FRA:TM4C 53 Beneish M-Score is -2.11 as of Jul. 30, 2026. GuruFocus rates FRA:TM4C with a GF Score™ of 53/100 and a GF Value™ of €0.02. The stock has 7 warning signs investors should review. Among 588 Steel companies, Deep Source Holdings ranks worse than 70.75% on this metric.

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.11 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Deep Source Holdings's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

FRA:TM4C' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -8.93   Med: -2.51   Max: 47.97
Current: -2.11

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Deep Source Holdings was 47.97. The lowest was -8.93. And the median was -2.51.


Deep Source Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data

* Premium members only.

The historical data trend for Deep Source Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

Deep Source Holdings Beneish M-Score Chart

Deep Source Holdings Annual Data
Trend Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23 Dec24 Dec25
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only 47.97 -4.32 -2.52 -2.49 -2.11

Deep Source Holdings Semi-Annual Data
Jun16 Dec16 Jun17 Dec17 Jun18 Dec18 Jun19 Dec19 Jun20 Dec20 Jun21 Dec21 Jun22 Dec22 Jun23 Dec23 Jun24 Dec24 Jun25 Dec25
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.52 0.00 -2.49 0.00 -2.11

FRA:TM4C vs NUE, STLD, RS: Beneish M-Score Comparison

For the Steel subindustry, Deep Source Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Deep Source Holdings Beneish M-Score vs Steel Industry

For the Steel industry and Basic Materials sector, Deep Source Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Deep Source Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.


FRA:TM4C
53GF Score
Deep Source Holdings Ltd FRA:TM4C
Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Score™, valuation, warning signs, and more.
View Full Analysis

Deep Source Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Deep Source Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 2.4095+0.528 * 0.6603+0.404 * 0.8796+0.892 * 0.4662+0.115 * 1.0072
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 1.5631+4.679 * -0.037273-0.327 * 1.0168
=-2.16

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Dec25) TTM:Last Year (Dec24) TTM:
Total Receivables was €734 Mil.
Revenue was €2,344 Mil.
Gross Profit was €90 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €2,174 Mil.
Total Assets was €2,484 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €20 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €4 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €44 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €1,560 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €1 Mil.
Net Income was €79 Mil.
Gross Profit was €0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was €172 Mil.
Total Receivables was €653 Mil.
Revenue was €5,026 Mil.
Gross Profit was €127 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €2,001 Mil.
Total Assets was €2,331 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €21 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €4 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €60 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €1,441 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €0 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(733.83 / 2343.57) / (653.221 / 5026.48)
=0.313125 / 0.129956
=2.4095

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(126.849 / 5026.48) / (89.564 / 2343.57)
=0.025236 / 0.038217
=0.6603

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (2173.775 + 19.832) / 2483.961) / (1 - (2000.872 + 20.699) / 2331.391)
=0.116892 / 0.132891
=0.8796

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=2343.57 / 5026.48
=0.4662

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(4.037 / (4.037 + 20.699)) / (3.835 / (3.835 + 19.832))
=0.163203 / 0.16204
=1.0072

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(43.562 / 2343.57) / (59.776 / 5026.48)
=0.018588 / 0.011892
=1.5631

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((0.725 + 1560.136) / 2483.961) / ((0.215 + 1440.574) / 2331.391)
=0.628376 / 0.617995
=1.0168

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(78.988 - 0 - 171.572) / 2483.961
=-0.037273

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Deep Source Holdings has a M-score of -2.16 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

Frequently Asked Questions Learn more about Beneish M-Score →
What does a Beneish M-Score of -2.11 mean?
Deep Source Holdings (FRA:TM4C) has a Beneish M-Score of -2.11 as of Jul. 30, 2026. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Deep Source Holdings and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Deep Source Holdings ranks #416 out of 588 companies in the Steel industry, placing it in the top 70.7%.
Is Deep Source Holdings' Beneish M-Score too high?
Deep Source Holdings' current Beneish M-Score is -2.11. Based on the distribution chart, Deep Source Holdings ranks #416 out of 588 companies in the Steel industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, Deep Source Holdings has a GF Score™ of 53/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Deep Source Holdings' Beneish M-Score compare to NUE and STLD?
According to the Steel industry distribution chart, Deep Source Holdings ranks #416 out of 588 companies for Beneish M-Score. This places Deep Source Holdings in the lower half of its industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Beneish M-Score for a Steel company?
A good Beneish M-Score depends on the Steel industry context. However, Beneish M-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Beneish M-Score mean?
A high Beneish M-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Deep Source Holdings and its competitors. Deep Source Holdings's current Beneish M-Score is -2.11. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Deep Source Holdings stock overvalued right now?
Deep Source Holdings (FRA:TM4C) has a current Beneish M-Score of -2.11. The stock's GF Value™ is €0.02, compared to a current price of €0.06 — trading 185% above its estimated fair value. The current Beneish M-Score is -2.11. Deep Source Holdings' overall GF Score™ is 53/100 with 7 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Beneish M-Score calculated?
Beneish M-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Deep Source Holdings (FRA:TM4C), the current Beneish M-Score is -2.11 as of Jul. 30, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.

Is Deep Source Holdings (FRA:TM4C) Overvalued in 2026?

Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Deep Source Holdings stock appears to be overvalued. The current stock price of €0.06 is trading 185% above its estimated GF Value™ of €0.02.

Key valuation signals for FRA:TM4C:

  • Beneish M-Score: -2.11
  • GF Value™: €0.02 vs. price of €0.06 (185% above fair value)
  • GF Score™: 53/100 with 7 warning signs

No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:TM4C stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.


Deep Source Holdings Business Description

Other Exchanges 00990:Hong Kong
Address 168-200 Connaught Road Central, Unit 3401-03, 34th Floor, China Merchants Tower, Shun Tak Centre, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong, HKG
Deep Source Holdings Ltd and its subsidiaries are principally engaged in two business segments. The distribution, trading, and processing business segment involves the distribution, trading, and processing of bulk commodities and related products in Hong Kong, Singapore, and the People's Republic of China. Financial services business segment that involves the provision of securities and derivatives financial services, margin financing, and fund management in Hong Kong and Singapore. It generates a vast majority of revenues from the distribution, trading, and processing segment in Singapore.
53GF Score

Get the complete analysis for FRA:TM4C

Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.

€0.06
Price
€0.02
GF Value