CMS Energy Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for CMS Energy's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
CMS Energy Beneish M-Score Chart
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CMS Energy Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.67 |
-2.81 |
-2.59 |
-1.80 |
-3.21 |
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CMS Energy Quarterly Data
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Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
Jun24 |
Sep24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.17 |
-3.21 |
-3.18 |
-2.68 |
-2.65 |
Competitive Comparison of CMS Energy's Beneish M-Score
For the Utilities - Regulated Electric subindustry, CMS Energy's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
CMS Energy's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Utilities - Regulated Industry
For the Utilities - Regulated industry and Utilities sector, CMS Energy's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where CMS Energy's Beneish M-Score falls into.
CMS Energy Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of CMS Energy for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.2126 | + | 0.528 * 0.8187 | + | 0.404 * 0.9465 | + | 0.892 * 0.9597 | + | 0.115 * 1.0276 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9842 | + | 4.679 * -0.048568 | - | 0.327 * 0.9866 |
| = | -2.65 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Sep24) TTM: | Last Year (Sep23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $803 Mil.
Revenue was 1743 + 1607 + 2176 + 1950 = $7,476 Mil.
Gross Profit was 739 + 658 + 935 + 833 = $3,165 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,703 Mil.
Total Assets was $34,817 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $26,671 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $1,224 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $-85 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $2,191 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $15,660 Mil.
Net Income was 253 + 198 + 287 + 309 = $1,047 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 84 + 113 + 86 + 83 = $366 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 304 + 684 + 979 + 405 = $2,372 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $690 Mil.
Revenue was 1673 + 1555 + 2284 + 2278 = $7,790 Mil.
Gross Profit was 624 + 596 + 809 + 671 = $2,700 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,449 Mil.
Total Assets was $32,513 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $24,694 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $1,166 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $-90 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $2,719 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $14,177 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (803 / 7476) | / | (690 / 7790) |
| = | 0.10741 | / | 0.088575 |
| | = | 1.2126 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (2700 / 7790) | / | (3165 / 7476) |
| = | 0.346598 | / | 0.423355 |
| | = | 0.8187 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (2703 + 26671) / 34817) | / | (1 - (2449 + 24694) / 32513) |
| = | 0.156332 | / | 0.165165 |
| | = | 0.9465 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 7476 | / | 7790 |
| | = | 0.9597 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1166 / (1166 + 24694)) | / | (1224 / (1224 + 26671)) |
| = | 0.045089 | / | 0.043879 |
| | = | 1.0276 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (-85 / 7476) | / | (-90 / 7790) |
| = | -0.01137 | / | -0.011553 |
| | = | 0.9842 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((15660 + 2191) / 34817) | / | ((14177 + 2719) / 32513) |
| = | 0.512709 | / | 0.519669 |
| | = | 0.9866 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (1047 - 366 | - | 2372) | / | 34817 |
| | = | -0.048568 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
CMS Energy has a M-score of -2.65 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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