Public Power Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Public Power's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Public Power Beneish M-Score Chart
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Public Power Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
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Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.44 |
-2.92 |
-1.40 |
-1.64 |
-2.52 |
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Public Power Semi-Annual Data
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Dec14 |
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Jun24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-1.64 |
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-2.52 |
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Competitive Comparison of Public Power's Beneish M-Score
For the Utilities - Renewable subindustry, Public Power's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Public Power's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Utilities - Independent Power Producers Industry
For the Utilities - Independent Power Producers industry and Utilities sector, Public Power's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Public Power's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Public Power Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Public Power for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.9407 | + | 0.528 * 0.637 | + | 0.404 * 1.1764 | + | 0.892 * 0.6831 | + | 0.115 * 1.1971 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 2.6915 | + | 4.679 * -0.045172 | - | 0.327 * 1.0754 |
| = | -2.52 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was €4,587 Mil.
Revenue was €7,687 Mil.
Gross Profit was €3,667 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €8,699 Mil.
Total Assets was €23,851 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €13,514 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €681 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €45 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €7,926 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €4,595 Mil.
Net Income was €428 Mil.
Gross Profit was €0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was €1,506 Mil.
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Total Receivables was €3,460 Mil.
Revenue was €11,253 Mil.
Gross Profit was €3,420 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €7,661 Mil.
Total Assets was €19,527 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €10,726 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €653 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €24 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €5,567 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €3,966 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (4587.331 / 7686.767) | / | (3460.384 / 11253.107) |
| = | 0.596783 | / | 0.307505 |
| | = | 1.9407 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (3419.907 / 11253.107) | / | (3667.185 / 7686.767) |
| = | 0.303908 | / | 0.477078 |
| | = | 0.637 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (8698.824 + 13513.583) / 23851.103) | / | (1 - (7660.505 + 10726.248) / 19527.215) |
| = | 0.068705 | / | 0.058404 |
| | = | 1.1764 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 7686.767 | / | 11253.107 |
| | = | 0.6831 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (653.309 / (653.309 + 10726.248)) | / | (680.768 / (680.768 + 13513.583)) |
| = | 0.057411 | / | 0.04796 |
| | = | 1.1971 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (44.727 / 7686.767) | / | (24.324 / 11253.107) |
| = | 0.005819 | / | 0.002162 |
| | = | 2.6915 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((4595.135 + 7925.725) / 23851.103) | / | ((3965.745 + 5566.917) / 19527.215) |
| = | 0.524959 | / | 0.488173 |
| | = | 1.0754 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (428.322 - 0 | - | 1505.724) | / | 23851.103 |
| | = | -0.045172 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Public Power has a M-score of -2.52 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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