Maxxam Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Maxxam's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Maxxam Beneish M-Score Chart
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Maxxam Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec99 |
Dec00 |
Dec01 |
Dec02 |
Dec03 |
Dec04 |
Dec05 |
Dec06 |
Dec07 |
Dec08 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.49 |
-3.20 |
0.93 |
-3.22 |
-3.56 |
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Maxxam Quarterly Data
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Dec04 |
Mar05 |
Jun05 |
Sep05 |
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Mar06 |
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Mar07 |
Jun07 |
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Mar08 |
Jun08 |
Sep08 |
Dec08 |
Mar09 |
Jun09 |
Sep09 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-1.62 |
-3.56 |
-3.76 |
-3.29 |
-2.65 |
Competitive Comparison of Maxxam's Beneish M-Score
For the Real Estate Services subindustry, Maxxam's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Maxxam's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Real Estate Industry
For the Real Estate industry and Real Estate sector, Maxxam's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Maxxam's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Maxxam Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Maxxam for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8762 | + | 0.528 * 0.8743 | + | 0.404 * 1.0234 | + | 0.892 * 0.7522 | + | 0.115 * 1.5796 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.1254 | + | 4.679 * 0.018805 | - | 0.327 * 1.0246 |
| = | -2.75 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (2.9 / 67.4) | / | (4.4 / 89.6) |
| = | 0.043027 | / | 0.049107 |
| | = | 0.8762 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (22.2 / 89.6) | / | (19.1 / 67.4) |
| = | 0.247768 | / | 0.283383 |
| | = | 0.8743 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (41.7 + 206.8) / 361.6) | / | (1 - (72.9 + 212) / 410.3) |
| = | 0.312777 | / | 0.30563 |
| | = | 1.0234 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 67.4 | / | 89.6 |
| | = | 0.7522 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (14.1 / (14.1 + 212)) | / | (8.5 / (8.5 + 206.8)) |
| = | 0.062362 | / | 0.03948 |
| | = | 1.5796 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (33.1 / 67.4) | / | (39.1 / 89.6) |
| = | 0.491098 | / | 0.436384 |
| | = | 1.1254 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((202.6 + 27.3) / 361.6) | / | ((206.7 + 47.9) / 410.3) |
| = | 0.635785 | / | 0.620522 |
| | = | 1.0246 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-31.6 - -2.9 | - | -35.5) | / | 361.6 |
| | = | 0.018805 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Maxxam has a M-score of -2.75 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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