Paramount Global Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Paramount Global's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Paramount Global Beneish M-Score Chart
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Paramount Global Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.19 |
-2.45 |
-2.29 |
-2.21 |
-2.43 |
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Paramount Global Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.21 |
-2.23 |
-2.26 |
-2.32 |
-2.43 |
Competitive Comparison of Paramount Global's Beneish M-Score
For the Entertainment subindustry, Paramount Global's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Paramount Global's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Media - Diversified Industry
For the Media - Diversified industry and Communication Services sector, Paramount Global's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Paramount Global's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Paramount Global Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Paramount Global for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9762 | + | 0.528 * 1.3956 | + | 0.404 * 0.9982 | + | 0.892 * 0.9834 | + | 0.115 * 0.8367 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0599 | + | 4.679 * -0.021758 | - | 0.327 * 0.9858 |
| = | -2.43 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $7,115 Mil.
Revenue was 7638 + 7133 + 7616 + 7265 = $29,652 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2493 + 2452 + 1692 + 627 = $7,264 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $12,703 Mil.
Total Assets was $53,543 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $2,849 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $418 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $7,398 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $9,656 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $15,857 Mil.
Net Income was 514 + 295 + -299 + -1118 = $-608 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -7 + 6 + 92 + -9 = $82 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 444 + 432 + -23 + -378 = $475 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $7,412 Mil.
Revenue was 8131 + 6916 + 7779 + 7328 = $30,154 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2648 + 2456 + 2673 + 2532 = $10,309 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $13,734 Mil.
Total Assets was $58,393 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $3,153 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $378 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $7,098 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $11,191 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $17,035 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (7115 / 29652) | / | (7412 / 30154) |
| = | 0.23995 | / | 0.245805 |
| | = | 0.9762 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (10309 / 30154) | / | (7264 / 29652) |
| = | 0.341878 | / | 0.244975 |
| | = | 1.3956 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (12703 + 2849) / 53543) | / | (1 - (13734 + 3153) / 58393) |
| = | 0.709542 | / | 0.710804 |
| | = | 0.9982 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 29652 | / | 30154 |
| | = | 0.9834 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (378 / (378 + 3153)) | / | (418 / (418 + 2849)) |
| = | 0.107052 | / | 0.127946 |
| | = | 0.8367 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (7398 / 29652) | / | (7098 / 30154) |
| = | 0.249494 | / | 0.235392 |
| | = | 1.0599 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((15857 + 9656) / 53543) | / | ((17035 + 11191) / 58393) |
| = | 0.476496 | / | 0.48338 |
| | = | 0.9858 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-608 - 82 | - | 475) | / | 53543 |
| | = | -0.021758 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Paramount Global has a M-score of -2.43 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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