Flair Writing Industries Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Flair Writing Industries's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Flair Writing Industries Beneish M-Score Chart
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Flair Writing Industries Annual Data
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Trend |
Mar17 |
Mar18 |
Mar21 |
Mar22 |
Mar23 |
Mar24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
-1.43 |
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Flair Writing Industries Quarterly Data
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Mar18 |
Mar21 |
Mar22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
Jun24 |
Sep24 |
Dec24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
-1.43 |
-1.59 |
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Competitive Comparison of Flair Writing Industries's Beneish M-Score
For the Business Equipment & Supplies subindustry, Flair Writing Industries's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Flair Writing Industries's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Industrial Products Industry
For the Industrial Products industry and Industrials sector, Flair Writing Industries's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Flair Writing Industries's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Flair Writing Industries Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Flair Writing Industries for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * | + | 0.528 * | + | 0.404 * | + | 0.892 * | + | 0.115 * |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * | + | 4.679 * | - | 0.327 * |
| = | |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec24) TTM: | Last Year (Dec23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₹2,404 Mil.
Revenue was 2645.477 + 2701.315 + 2471.36 + 2404.297 = ₹10,222 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1371.916 + 1427.436 + 1229.2 + 376.738 = ₹4,405 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹7,290 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹11,533 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹3,747 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹424 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹1,435 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹353 Mil.
Net Income was 293.493 + 328.9 + 264.92 + 343.272 = ₹1,231 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = ₹0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = ₹0 Mil.
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Total Receivables was ₹0 Mil.
Revenue was 2249.15 + 2570.056 + 2466.98 + 2503.14 = ₹9,789 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1172.595 + 1262.967 + 1245.93 + 407.58 = ₹4,089 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹0 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹0 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹0 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹268 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹120 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹0 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (2404.308 / 10222.449) | / | (0 / 9789.326) |
| = | 0.235199 | / | 0 |
| | = | |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (4089.072 / 9789.326) | / | (4405.29 / 10222.449) |
| = | 0.417707 | / | 0.430943 |
| | = | |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (7289.709 + 3746.521) / 11532.615) | / | (1 - (0 + 0) / 0) |
| = | 0.043042 | / | |
| | = | |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 10222.449 | / | 9789.326 |
| | = | |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (268.431 / (268.431 + 0)) | / | (424.256 / (424.256 + 3746.521)) |
| = | 1 | / | 0.101721 |
| | = | |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 10222.449) | / | (120.43 / 9789.326) |
| = | 0 | / | 0.012302 |
| | = | |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((352.724 + 1434.538) / 11532.615) | / | ((0 + 0) / 0) |
| = | 0.154975 | / | |
| | = | |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (1230.585 - 0 | - | 0) | / | 11532.615 |
| | = | 0.106705 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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