Oneida Financial Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Oneida Financial for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * | + | 0.528 * | + | 0.404 * | + | 0.892 * | + | 0.115 * |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * | + | 4.679 * | - | 0.327 * |
| = | |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (2.36 / 53.101) | / | (2.491 / 53.514) |
| = | 0.044444 | / | 0.046549 |
| | = | |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (53.514 / 53.514) | / | (53.101 / 53.101) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (0 + 21.808) / 815.766) | / | (1 - (0 + 19.954) / 786.768) |
| = | 0.973267 | / | 0.974638 |
| | = | |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 53.101 | / | 53.514 |
| | = | |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1.739 / (1.739 + 19.954)) | / | (1.777 / (1.777 + 21.808)) |
| = | 0.080164 | / | 0.075344 |
| | = | |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (38.667 / 53.101) | / | (36.142 / 53.514) |
| = | 0.728178 | / | 0.675375 |
| | = | |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((0 + 0) / 815.766) | / | ((0 + 0) / 786.768) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (3.563 - 0 | - | 4.87) | / | 815.766 |
| | = | -0.001602 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Oneida Financial (Oneida Financial) Business Description
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Oneida Financial Corp is a Maryland corporation. The Company is the holding Company of The Oneida Savings Bank, a New York-chartered savings bank. Oneida Savings Bank's deposits are insured by the FDIC up to the maximum amount permitted by law. The Bank is a community bank engaged in the business of accepting deposits from customers through its main office and 10 full service branch offices and using those deposits, together with funds generated from operations and borrowings to make one-to-four family residential and commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and commercial business loans and to invest in mortgage-backed and other securities. Municipal deposit banking services are provided through a limited purpose commercial bank subsidiary, The State Bank of Chittenango. The Bank also sells insurance and other commercial services and products, provides employee benefit services and offers risk management services to help mitigate and prevent work related injuries through Bailey & Haskell Associates, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, and provides financial and investment advisory services through Oneida Wealth Management Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary. Its deposit accounts consist of savings, interest-bearing demand accounts, non-interest-bearing checking accounts, money market accounts and certificates of deposit. It also offers IRAs and other qualified plan accounts. Its primary lending area is Madison and Oneida Counties in New York and the surrounding counties and its deposit customers reside in the same area. It competes with commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage banking firms, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, and brokerage and investment banking firms operating locally and elsewhere. The Company subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the New York State Department of Financial Services and the Federal Reserve Board.
Executives
| R Kallet Michael |
director, officer: Chairman and CEO |
182 MAIN STREET, ONEIDA NY 13421 |
| Eric Stickels |
director, officer: President and COO |
182 MAIN STREET, ONEIDA NY 13421 |
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