Elmera Group ASA Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Elmera Group ASA's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Elmera Group ASA Beneish M-Score Chart
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Elmera Group ASA Annual Data
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Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.17 |
-2.11 |
1.10 |
-1.37 |
-3.47 |
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Elmera Group ASA Quarterly Data
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Jun19 |
Sep19 |
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Mar24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.47 |
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Competitive Comparison of Elmera Group ASA's Beneish M-Score
For the Utilities - Regulated Electric subindustry, Elmera Group ASA's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Elmera Group ASA's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Utilities - Regulated Industry
For the Utilities - Regulated industry and Utilities sector, Elmera Group ASA's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Elmera Group ASA's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Elmera Group ASA Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Elmera Group ASA for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.7127 | + | 0.528 * 0.7285 | + | 0.404 * 1.3267 | + | 0.892 * 0.7414 | + | 0.115 * 0.9705 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.2627 | + | 4.679 * -0.099117 | - | 0.327 * 0.9064 |
| = | -3.47 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was kr3,990 Mil.
Revenue was kr18,921 Mil.
Gross Profit was kr1,728 Mil.
Total Current Assets was kr5,011 Mil.
Total Assets was kr8,335 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was kr62 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was kr193 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was kr214 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was kr5,017 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was kr579 Mil.
Net Income was kr192 Mil.
Gross Profit was kr0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was kr1,018 Mil.
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Total Receivables was kr7,551 Mil.
Revenue was kr25,522 Mil.
Gross Profit was kr1,698 Mil.
Total Current Assets was kr10,059 Mil.
Total Assets was kr14,372 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was kr74 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was kr204 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was kr229 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was kr9,967 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was kr679 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (3989.741 / 18920.598) | / | (7551.433 / 25521.514) |
| = | 0.210868 | / | 0.295885 |
| | = | 0.7127 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1697.995 / 25521.514) | / | (1728.072 / 18920.598) |
| = | 0.066532 | / | 0.091333 |
| | = | 0.7285 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (5011.38 + 62.436) / 8334.645) | / | (1 - (10059.347 + 74.393) / 14372.058) |
| = | 0.391238 | / | 0.2949 |
| | = | 1.3267 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 18920.598 | / | 25521.514 |
| | = | 0.7414 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (204.063 / (204.063 + 74.393)) | / | (192.51 / (192.51 + 62.436)) |
| = | 0.732838 | / | 0.755101 |
| | = | 0.9705 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (214.094 / 18920.598) | / | (228.71 / 25521.514) |
| = | 0.011315 | / | 0.008961 |
| | = | 1.2627 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((578.562 + 5016.773) / 8334.645) | / | ((678.646 + 9966.625) / 14372.058) |
| = | 0.671335 | / | 0.740692 |
| | = | 0.9064 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (192.288 - 0 | - | 1018.397) | / | 8334.645 |
| | = | -0.099117 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Elmera Group ASA has a M-score of -3.47 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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