Sea (SE) Beneish M-Score: -2.48 (As of Aug. 25, 2026)

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SE Sea Ltd SE
79 GF Score
Price $118.83
GF Value $144.11
Valuation Modestly Undervalued
! 2 Warning Signs
View Full Analysis

What is Sea Beneish M-Score?

Sea SE +2.72% 79 Beneish M-Score is -2.48 as of Aug. 25, 2026. GuruFocus rates SE with a GF Score™ of 79/100 and a GF Value™ of $144.11 (Modestly Undervalued). The stock has 2 warning signs investors should review. Among 1,090 Retail - Cyclical companies, Sea ranks worse than 58.72% on this metric.

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.48 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Sea's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

SE' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -2.95   Med: -2.34   Max: 2.9
Current: -2.48

During the past 12 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Sea was 2.90. The lowest was -2.95. And the median was -2.34.


Sea Beneish M-Score Historical Data

* Premium members only.

The historical data trend for Sea's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

Sea Beneish M-Score Chart

Sea Annual Data
Trend Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23 Dec24 Dec25
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -1.84 -2.29 -2.13 -2.84 -2.63

Sea Quarterly Data
Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24 Dec24 Mar25 Jun25 Sep25 Dec25 Mar26 Jun26
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.64 -2.62 -2.63 -2.62 -2.48

SE vs EBAY, DASH, JD: Beneish M-Score Comparison

For the Internet Retail subindustry, Sea's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Sea Beneish M-Score vs Retail - Cyclical Industry

For the Retail - Cyclical industry and Consumer Cyclical sector, Sea's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Sea's Beneish M-Score falls into.


SE
79GF Score
Sea Ltd SE
Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Score™, valuation, warning signs, and more.
View Full Analysis

Sea Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Sea for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 1.0928+0.528 * 1.0139+0.404 * 1.0818+0.892 * 1.4306+0.115 * 1
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.9669+4.679 * -0.113376-0.327 * 0.9631
=-2.48

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Jun26) TTM:Last Year (Jun25) TTM:
Total Receivables was $9,799 Mil.
Revenue was 7787.779 + 7097.489 + 6851.868 + 5986.024 = $27,723 Mil.
Gross Profit was 3549.886 + 3145.582 + 2998.38 + 2599.354 = $12,293 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $24,053 Mil.
Total Assets was $32,008 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $3,424 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $7,153 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $16,094 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $2,368 Mil.
Net Income was 440.788 + 427.937 + 397.099 + 374.988 = $1,641 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -1.764 + -3.716 + -1.665 + 61.17 = $54 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 1505.979 + 1057.905 + 1476.41 + 1175.447 = $5,216 Mil.
Total Receivables was $6,268 Mil.
Revenue was 5259.477 + 4841.1 + 4950.436 + 4328.233 = $19,379 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2409.81 + 2236.193 + 2205.46 + 1861.061 = $8,713 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $19,740 Mil.
Total Assets was $25,440 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $2,371 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $5,171 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $12,730 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $2,506 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(9798.725 / 27723.16) / (6268.044 / 19379.246)
=0.353449 / 0.323441
=1.0928

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(8712.524 / 19379.246) / (12293.202 / 27723.16)
=0.44958 / 0.443427
=1.0139

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (24052.794 + 3424.478) / 32008.196) / (1 - (19740.334 + 2371.202) / 25440.41)
=0.141555 / 0.13085
=1.0818

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=27723.16 / 19379.246
=1.4306

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(0 / (0 + 2371.202)) / (0 / (0 + 3424.478))
=0 / 0
=1

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(7152.794 / 27723.16) / (5171.022 / 19379.246)
=0.258008 / 0.266833
=0.9669

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((2368.46 + 16094.373) / 32008.196) / ((2505.845 + 12730.163) / 25440.41)
=0.576816 / 0.59889
=0.9631

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(1640.812 - 54.025 - 5215.741) / 32008.196
=-0.113376

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Sea has a M-score of -2.48 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

Frequently Asked Questions Learn more about Beneish M-Score →
What does a Beneish M-Score of -2.48 mean?
Sea (SE) has a Beneish M-Score of -2.48 as of Aug. 25, 2026. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Sea and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Sea ranks #640 out of 1090 companies in the Retail - Cyclical industry, placing it in the top 58.7%.
Is Sea's Beneish M-Score too high?
Sea's current Beneish M-Score is -2.48. Based on the distribution chart, Sea ranks #640 out of 1090 companies in the Retail - Cyclical industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, Sea has a GF Score™ of 79/100 and is considered Modestly Undervalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Sea's Beneish M-Score compare to EBAY and DASH?
According to the Retail - Cyclical industry distribution chart, Sea ranks #640 out of 1090 companies for Beneish M-Score. This places Sea in the lower half of its industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Beneish M-Score for a Retail - Cyclical company?
A good Beneish M-Score depends on the Retail - Cyclical industry context. However, Beneish M-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Beneish M-Score mean?
A high Beneish M-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Sea and its competitors. Sea's current Beneish M-Score is -2.48. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Sea stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Sea (SE) is currently considered Modestly Undervalued. The stock's GF Value™ is $144.11, compared to a current price of $118.83 — trading 17.5% below its estimated fair value. The current Beneish M-Score is -2.48. Sea's overall GF Score™ is 79/100 with 2 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Beneish M-Score calculated?
Beneish M-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Sea (SE), the current Beneish M-Score is -2.48 as of Aug. 25, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.

Is Sea (SE) Overvalued in 2026?

Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Sea stock appears to be undervalued. The current stock price of $118.83 is trading 17.5% below its estimated GF Value™ of $144.11. GuruFocus considers Sea to be Modestly Undervalued.

Key valuation signals for SE:

  • Beneish M-Score: -2.48
  • GF Value™: $144.11 vs. price of $118.83 (17.5% below fair value)
  • GF Score™: 79/100 with 2 warning signs

No single metric tells the full story. See the SE stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.


Sea Business Description

Address 1 Fusionopolis Place, No. 17-10, Galaxis, Singapore, SGP, 138522
Sea started as a gaming business, Garena, but in 2015 expanded into e-commerce. Sea operates Southeast Asia's largest e-commerce company, Shopee, in terms of gross merchandise value. Shopee is a hybrid consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer marketplace platform operating in Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brazil. For Garena, Free Fire is the key revenue-generating game. Sea's third business, Monee, provides lending, payment, digital banking, and insurance services. As of March 2025, Forrest Li, the founder, chair, and CEO, owned 59.1% of the voting power. Tencent owned 18.5% of issued shares with no voting power.
79GF Score

Get the complete analysis for SE

Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.

$118.83
Price
$144.11
GF Value