CapitaLand Investment Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for CapitaLand Investment's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
CapitaLand Investment Beneish M-Score Chart
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CapitaLand Investment Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
|
- |
- |
-2.90 |
-2.56 |
-2.64 |
|
CapitaLand Investment Semi-Annual Data
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|
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Jun21 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
Dec22 |
Jun23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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|
-2.90 |
- |
-2.56 |
- |
-2.64 |
Competitive Comparison of CapitaLand Investment's Beneish M-Score
For the Real Estate Services subindustry, CapitaLand Investment's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
CapitaLand Investment's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Real Estate Industry
For the Real Estate industry and Real Estate sector, CapitaLand Investment's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where CapitaLand Investment's Beneish M-Score falls into.
CapitaLand Investment Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of CapitaLand Investment for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9393 | + | 0.528 * 0.9911 | + | 0.404 * 0.9906 | + | 0.892 * 0.968 | + | 0.115 * 1.0904 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0622 | + | 4.679 * -0.014678 | - | 0.327 * 0.9989 |
| = | -2.64 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was S$852 Mil.
Revenue was S$2,784 Mil.
Gross Profit was S$1,260 Mil.
Total Current Assets was S$4,447 Mil.
Total Assets was S$34,133 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was S$1,312 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was S$142 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was S$364 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was S$3,544 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was S$11,464 Mil.
Net Income was S$181 Mil.
Gross Profit was S$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was S$682 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was S$937 Mil.
Revenue was S$2,876 Mil.
Gross Profit was S$1,290 Mil.
Total Current Assets was S$4,421 Mil.
Total Assets was S$35,110 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was S$1,225 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was S$146 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was S$354 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was S$4,162 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was S$11,292 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (852 / 2784) | / | (937 / 2876) |
| = | 0.306034 | / | 0.3258 |
| | = | 0.9393 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1290 / 2876) | / | (1260 / 2784) |
| = | 0.44854 | / | 0.452586 |
| | = | 0.9911 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (4447 + 1312) / 34133) | / | (1 - (4421 + 1225) / 35110) |
| = | 0.831278 | / | 0.839191 |
| | = | 0.9906 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 2784 | / | 2876 |
| | = | 0.968 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (146 / (146 + 1225)) | / | (142 / (142 + 1312)) |
| = | 0.106492 | / | 0.097662 |
| | = | 1.0904 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (364 / 2784) | / | (354 / 2876) |
| = | 0.130747 | / | 0.123088 |
| | = | 1.0622 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((11464 + 3544) / 34133) | / | ((11292 + 4162) / 35110) |
| = | 0.439692 | / | 0.440159 |
| | = | 0.9989 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (181 - 0 | - | 682) | / | 34133 |
| | = | -0.014678 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
CapitaLand Investment has a M-score of -2.64 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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