DFI (TPE:2397) Beneish M-Score: -2.50 (As of Aug. 11, 2026)

Author: Vera Yuan Vera Yuan
Vera Yuan
Vera Yuan
Director of Data and Quant Analytics at GuruFocus
Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Reviewed by: Charlie Tian Charlie Tian
Charlie Tian
Charlie Tian
Founder & CEO of GuruFocus
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.

TPE:2397 DFI Inc TPE:2397
71 GF Score
Price NT$68.00
GF Value NT$87.24
Valuation Modestly Undervalued
! 5 Warning Signs
View Full Analysis

What is DFI Beneish M-Score?

DFI TPE:2397 +2.72% 71 Beneish M-Score is -2.50 as of Aug. 11, 2026. GuruFocus rates TPE:2397 with a GF Score™ of 71/100 and a GF Value™ of NT$87.24 (Modestly Undervalued). The stock has 5 warning signs investors should review. Among 2,400 Hardware companies, DFI ranks better than 53.87% on this metric.

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.5 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for DFI's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

TPE:2397' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.52   Med: -2.5   Max: -0.95
Current: -2.5

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of DFI was -0.95. The lowest was -3.52. And the median was -2.50.


DFI Beneish M-Score Historical Data

* Premium members only.

The historical data trend for DFI's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

DFI Beneish M-Score Chart

DFI Annual Data
Trend Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23 Dec24 Dec25
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -1.16 -2.54 -3.52 -2.00 -2.66

DFI Quarterly Data
Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24 Dec24 Mar25 Jun25 Sep25 Dec25 Mar26
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.17 -2.20 -2.50 -2.66 -2.50

TPE:2397 vs DELL, ANET, SNDK: Beneish M-Score Comparison

For the Computer Hardware subindustry, DFI's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


DFI Beneish M-Score vs Hardware Industry

For the Hardware industry and Technology sector, DFI's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where DFI's Beneish M-Score falls into.


TPE:2397
71GF Score
DFI Inc TPE:2397
Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Score™, valuation, warning signs, and more.
View Full Analysis

DFI Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of DFI for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.9626+0.528 * 1.1321+0.404 * 0.9271+0.892 * 1.1152+0.115 * 0.9557
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.9238+4.679 * -0.021039-0.327 * 1.1112
=-2.50

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Mar26) TTM:Last Year (Mar25) TTM:
Total Receivables was NT$2,347 Mil.
Revenue was 3030.612 + 2604.264 + 2772.458 + 2900.324 = NT$11,308 Mil.
Gross Profit was 754.408 + 660.384 + 671.865 + 758.328 = NT$2,845 Mil.
Total Current Assets was NT$8,091 Mil.
Total Assets was NT$13,262 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was NT$2,542 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was NT$321 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was NT$1,608 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was NT$5,565 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was NT$1,808 Mil.
Net Income was 86.809 + 1.953 + 75.265 + 101.589 = NT$266 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = NT$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was -106.22 + 217.766 + 38.304 + 394.785 = NT$545 Mil.
Total Receivables was NT$2,187 Mil.
Revenue was 2556.705 + 2890.72 + 2524.804 + 2167.776 = NT$10,140 Mil.
Gross Profit was 738.951 + 864.861 + 696.444 + 587.954 = NT$2,888 Mil.
Total Current Assets was NT$6,859 Mil.
Total Assets was NT$11,975 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was NT$2,555 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was NT$307 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was NT$1,561 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was NT$4,314 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was NT$1,676 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(2347.098 / 11307.658) / (2186.57 / 10140.005)
=0.207567 / 0.215638
=0.9626

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(2888.21 / 10140.005) / (2844.985 / 11307.658)
=0.284833 / 0.251598
=1.1321

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (8090.82 + 2542.005) / 13261.955) / (1 - (6859.155 + 2555.349) / 11975.167)
=0.198246 / 0.213831
=0.9271

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=11307.658 / 10140.005
=1.1152

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(306.843 / (306.843 + 2555.349)) / (321.176 / (321.176 + 2542.005))
=0.107206 / 0.112175
=0.9557

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(1608.406 / 11307.658) / (1561.34 / 10140.005)
=0.14224 / 0.153978
=0.9238

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((1807.646 + 5564.77) / 13261.955) / ((1676.432 + 4314.384) / 11975.167)
=0.555907 / 0.50027
=1.1112

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(265.616 - 0 - 544.635) / 13261.955
=-0.021039

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

DFI has a M-score of -2.50 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

Frequently Asked Questions Learn more about Beneish M-Score →
What does a Beneish M-Score of -2.50 mean?
DFI (TPE:2397) has a Beneish M-Score of -2.50 as of Aug. 11, 2026. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on DFI and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, DFI ranks #1107 out of 2400 companies in the Hardware industry, placing it in the top 46.1%.
Is DFI's Beneish M-Score too high?
DFI's current Beneish M-Score is -2.50. Based on the distribution chart, DFI ranks #1107 out of 2400 companies in the Hardware industry, which is above the industry midpoint. Overall, DFI has a GF Score™ of 71/100 and is considered Modestly Undervalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does DFI's Beneish M-Score compare to DELL and ANET?
According to the Hardware industry distribution chart, DFI ranks #1107 out of 2400 companies for Beneish M-Score. This puts DFI in the upper half of its industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Beneish M-Score for a Hardware company?
A good Beneish M-Score depends on the Hardware industry context. However, Beneish M-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Beneish M-Score mean?
A high Beneish M-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on DFI and its competitors. DFI's current Beneish M-Score is -2.50. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is DFI stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, DFI (TPE:2397) is currently considered Modestly Undervalued. The stock's GF Value™ is NT$87.24, compared to a current price of NT$68.00 — trading 22.1% below its estimated fair value. The current Beneish M-Score is -2.50. DFI's overall GF Score™ is 71/100 with 5 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Beneish M-Score calculated?
Beneish M-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For DFI (TPE:2397), the current Beneish M-Score is -2.50 as of Aug. 11, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.

Is DFI (TPE:2397) Overvalued in 2026?

Based on GuruFocus' analysis, DFI stock appears to be undervalued. The current stock price of NT$68.00 is trading 22.1% below its estimated GF Value™ of NT$87.24. GuruFocus considers DFI to be Modestly Undervalued.

Key valuation signals for TPE:2397:

  • Beneish M-Score: -2.50
  • GF Value™: NT$87.24 vs. price of NT$68.00 (22.1% below fair value)
  • GF Score™: 71/100 with 5 warning signs

No single metric tells the full story. See the TPE:2397 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.


DFI Business Description

Address No. 97, Section 1, Xintai 5th Road, 10th Floor, Xizhi District, New Taipei, TWN, 22175
DFI Inc is engaged in the manufacturing and sales of boards and computer components for industrial computers. The company designs and innovates quality management systems, DFI's industrial-grade solutions enable customers to optimize their equipment and ensure reliability, long-term life cycle, and all-time durability in a breadth of markets including Industry Automation, Medical, Gaming, Transportation, Energy, mission-critical, and intelligent retail.
71GF Score

Get the complete analysis for TPE:2397

Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.

NT$68.00
Price
NT$87.24
GF Value