Action Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Action's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Action Beneish M-Score Chart
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Action Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.43 |
-0.69 |
-1.61 |
-2.35 |
-2.95 |
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Action Quarterly Data
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Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.71 |
-2.11 |
-2.37 |
-2.95 |
-3.04 |
Competitive Comparison of Action's Beneish M-Score
For the Computer Hardware subindustry, Action's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Action's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Hardware Industry
For the Hardware industry and Technology sector, Action's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Action's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Action Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Action for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.6723 | + | 0.528 * 0.9982 | + | 0.404 * 1.1306 | + | 0.892 * 1.0572 | + | 0.115 * 0.9435 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0785 | + | 4.679 * -0.069209 | - | 0.327 * 1.0572 |
| = | -3.04 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was zł124 Mil.
Revenue was 615.578 + 723.197 + 640.967 + 560.03 = zł2,540 Mil.
Gross Profit was 53.039 + 64.783 + 54.522 + 50.485 = zł223 Mil.
Total Current Assets was zł500 Mil.
Total Assets was zł643 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was zł131 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was zł9 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was zł183 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was zł154 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was zł1 Mil.
Net Income was 15.931 + 14.203 + 8.134 + 5.175 = zł43 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = zł0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 56.867 + 34.307 + -8.021 + 4.793 = zł88 Mil.
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Total Receivables was zł175 Mil.
Revenue was 586.243 + 674.592 + 577.101 + 564.396 = zł2,402 Mil.
Gross Profit was 51.099 + 60.721 + 49.711 + 48.856 = zł210 Mil.
Total Current Assets was zł516 Mil.
Total Assets was zł664 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was zł137 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was zł9 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was zł161 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was zł150 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was zł2 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (124.348 / 2539.772) | / | (174.962 / 2402.332) |
| = | 0.04896 | / | 0.07283 |
| | = | 0.6723 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (210.387 / 2402.332) | / | (222.829 / 2539.772) |
| = | 0.087576 | / | 0.087736 |
| | = | 0.9982 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (500.058 + 131.46) / 643.023) | / | (1 - (516.451 + 137.162) / 664.123) |
| = | 0.017892 | / | 0.015825 |
| | = | 1.1306 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 2539.772 | / | 2402.332 |
| | = | 1.0572 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (8.722 / (8.722 + 137.162)) | / | (8.894 / (8.894 + 131.46)) |
| = | 0.059787 | / | 0.063368 |
| | = | 0.9435 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (183.299 / 2539.772) | / | (160.751 / 2402.332) |
| = | 0.072171 | / | 0.066915 |
| | = | 1.0785 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1.182 + 153.989) / 643.023) | / | ((1.627 + 149.964) / 664.123) |
| = | 0.241315 | / | 0.228257 |
| | = | 1.0572 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (43.443 - 0 | - | 87.946) | / | 643.023 |
| | = | -0.069209 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Action has a M-score of -3.04 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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