Spotify Technology Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Spotify Technology's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Spotify Technology Beneish M-Score Chart
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Spotify Technology Annual Data
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Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.15 |
-2.49 |
-2.97 |
-2.83 |
-2.86 |
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Spotify Technology Quarterly Data
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Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
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Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
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Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
Jun24 |
Sep24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.76 |
-2.86 |
-2.53 |
-2.54 |
-2.72 |
Competitive Comparison of Spotify Technology's Beneish M-Score
For the Internet Content & Information subindustry, Spotify Technology's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Spotify Technology's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Interactive Media Industry
For the Interactive Media industry and Communication Services sector, Spotify Technology's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Spotify Technology's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Spotify Technology Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Spotify Technology for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8672 | + | 0.528 * 0.8796 | + | 0.404 * 0.9849 | + | 0.892 * 1.1852 | + | 0.115 * 0.9755 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.764 | + | 4.679 * -0.079219 | - | 0.327 * 0.7806 |
| = | -2.77 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Sep24) TTM: | Last Year (Sep23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was €776 Mil.
Revenue was 3988 + 3807 + 3636 + 3671 = €15,102 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1240 + 1112 + 1004 + 980 = €4,336 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €7,003 Mil.
Total Assets was €10,553 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €430 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €125 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €1,945 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €4,106 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €1,786 Mil.
Net Income was 300 + 274 + 197 + -70 = €701 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -111 + -43 + -35 + -89 = €-278 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 715 + 492 + 211 + 397 = €1,815 Mil.
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Total Receivables was €755 Mil.
Revenue was 3357 + 3177 + 3042 + 3166 = €12,742 Mil.
Gross Profit was 885 + 766 + 766 + 801 = €3,218 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €4,695 Mil.
Total Assets was €7,592 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €618 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €174 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €2,148 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €3,701 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €1,729 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (776 / 15102) | / | (755 / 12742) |
| = | 0.051384 | / | 0.059253 |
| | = | 0.8672 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (3218 / 12742) | / | (4336 / 15102) |
| = | 0.252551 | / | 0.287114 |
| | = | 0.8796 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (7003 + 430) / 10553) | / | (1 - (4695 + 618) / 7592) |
| = | 0.295651 | / | 0.300184 |
| | = | 0.9849 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 15102 | / | 12742 |
| | = | 1.1852 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (174 / (174 + 618)) | / | (125 / (125 + 430)) |
| = | 0.219697 | / | 0.225225 |
| | = | 0.9755 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (1945 / 15102) | / | (2148 / 12742) |
| = | 0.128791 | / | 0.168576 |
| | = | 0.764 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1786 + 4106) / 10553) | / | ((1729 + 3701) / 7592) |
| = | 0.558325 | / | 0.715227 |
| | = | 0.7806 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (701 - -278 | - | 1815) | / | 10553 |
| | = | -0.079219 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Spotify Technology has a M-score of -2.77 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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