Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
ROE % measures the rate of return on the ownership interest (shareholder's equity) of the common stock owners. It measures a firm's efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholders' equity (also known as net assets or assets minus liabilities). ROE % shows how well a company uses investment funds to generate earnings growth. ROE %s between 15% and 20% are considered desirable.
The factors that affect a company's ROE % can be illustrated with the three-step DuPont Analysis:
Note:
The net income data used here is four times the quarterly (Mar. 2026) net income data. The Revenue data used here is four times the quarterly (Mar. 2026) revenue data. The same rule applies to Pre-Tax Income and Operating Income.
* In the five-step DuPont Analysis, Operating Income is only available for non-financial companies. Thus, for Insurance companies, we use EBIT as a substitution of Operating Income. For Banks, both Operating Income and EBIT is unavailable. Thus we combined Interest Burden and Operating Margin % into Pretax Margin %, and the DuPont Analysis is divided into four components instead.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Net Income is used.
Because a company can increase its ROE % by having more financial leverage, it is important to watch the equity multiplier when investing in high ROE % companies. Like ROA %, ROE % is calculated with only 12 months data. Fluctuations in company's earnings or business cycles can affect the ratio drastically. It is important to look at the ratio from a long term perspective.
Asset light businesses require very few assets to generate very high earnings. Their ROE %s can be extremely high.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
For the Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Generic subindustry, Cereno Scientific AB's ROE %, along with its competitors' market caps and ROE % data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Cereno Scientific AB ROE % vs Drug Manufacturers Industry
For the Drug Manufacturers industry and Healthcare sector, Cereno Scientific AB's ROE % distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Cereno Scientific AB's ROE % falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
In the calculation of annual ROE %, the net income of the last fiscal year and the average total shareholder equity over the fiscal year are used. In calculating the quarterly data,
the net income data used here is four times the quarterly (Mar. 2026) net income data.
ROE % is displayed in the 30-year financial page.
Cereno Scientific AB (FRA:4A1) has a ROE % of -47.76% as of Mar. 2026. Return on equity is the ratio of current-period net income to average two-period total equity. View historical data on Cereno Scientific AB and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Cereno Scientific AB ranks #874 out of 939 companies in the Drug Manufacturers industry, placing it in the top 93.1%.
Is Cereno Scientific AB's ROE % too high?
Cereno Scientific AB's current ROE % is -47.76%. Based on the distribution chart, Cereno Scientific AB ranks #874 out of 939 companies in the Drug Manufacturers industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Cereno Scientific AB has a GF Score™ of 39/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Cereno Scientific AB's ROE % compare to ZTS?
According to the Drug Manufacturers industry distribution chart, Cereno Scientific AB ranks #874 out of 939 companies for ROE %. This places Cereno Scientific AB in the lower half of its industry. The industry median ROE % is 5.89. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good ROE % for a Drug Manufacturers company?
The median ROE % among Drug Manufacturers companies is 5.89, based on 939 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a ROE % significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, ROE % should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high ROE % mean?
A high ROE % can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. Return on equity is the ratio of current-period net income to average two-period total equity. View historical data on Cereno Scientific AB and its competitors. For the Drug Manufacturers industry, the median ROE % is 5.89 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Cereno Scientific AB's current ROE % is -47.76%. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Cereno Scientific AB stock overvalued right now?
Cereno Scientific AB (FRA:4A1) has a current ROE % of -47.76%. The current ROE % is -47.76%. Cereno Scientific AB's overall GF Score™ is 39/100 with 3 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is ROE % calculated?
ROE % is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Cereno Scientific AB (FRA:4A1), the current ROE % is -47.76% as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Cereno Scientific AB is developing a pipeline of preventive therapeutics to treat cardiovascular and rare diseases by epigenetic modulation through histone deacetylase inhibition (HDACi). The company's program, CS1, is a phase two dual-acting antithrombotic drug aimed at venous thrombosis and stroke prevention for atrial fibrillation. It also evaluates the potential of epigenetic modulation for rare diseases related to pulmonary fibrosis, thrombosis, inflammation, and high blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation system.
39GF Score
Get the complete analysis for FRA:4A1
ROE % is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
FRA:4A1 has been successfully added to your 
