Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
ImmuCellFRA:IUL +1.22%55 Piotroski F-Score is 6 as of Aug. 20, 2026, which is 20% above its 10-year median of 5.00. GuruFocus rates FRA:IUL with a GF Score™ of 55/100 and a GF Value™ of €5.66 (Significantly Overvalued). The stock has 5 warning signs investors should review. Among 1,335 Biotechnology companies, ImmuCell ranks better than 91.69% on this metric.
The zones of discrimination were as such:
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
ImmuCell has an F-score of 6 indicating the company's financial situation is typical for a stable company.
The historical rank and industry rank for ImmuCell's Piotroski F-Score or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:IUL'
s Piotroski F-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 1 Med: 5 Max: 8
Current: 6
During the past 13 years, the highest Piotroski F-Score of ImmuCell was 8. The lowest was 1. And the median was 5.
The developer of the system is Joseph D. Piotroski is relatively unknown accounting professor who shuns publicity and rarely gives interviews.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a B.S. in accounting in 1989, received an M.B.A. from Indiana University in 1994. Five years later, in 1999, after earning a Ph.D. in accounting from the University of Michigan, he became an associate professor of accounting at the University of Chicago.
He wanted to see if he can develop a system (using a simple nine-point scoring system) that can increase the returns of a strategy of investing in low price to book (referred to in the paper as high book to market) value companies.
What he found was something that exceeded his most optimistic expectations.
Buying only those companies that scored highest (8 or 9) on his nine-point scale, or F-Score as he called it, over the 20 year period from 1976 to 1996 led to an average out-performance over the market of 13.4%.
Even more impressive were the results of a strategy of investing in the highest F-Score companies (8 or 9) and shorting companies with the lowest F-Score (0 or 1).
Over the same period from 1976 to 1996 (20 years) this strategy led to an average yearly return of 23%, substantially outperforming the average S&P 500 index return of 15.83% over the same period.
ImmuCell Piotroski F-Score Related Terms
ImmuCell Piotroski F-Score Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for ImmuCell's Piotroski F-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:IUL vs COYA, ENTX, BDTX: Piotroski F-Score Comparison
For the Biotechnology subindustry, ImmuCell's Piotroski F-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Piotroski F-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
ImmuCell Piotroski F-Score vs Biotechnology Industry
For the Biotechnology industry and Healthcare sector, ImmuCell's Piotroski F-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where ImmuCell's Piotroski F-Score falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
*Note: If the latest quarterly/semi-annual/annual total assets data is 0, then we will use previous quarterly/semi-annual/annual data for all the items in the balance sheet.
Profitability
Question 1. Return on Assets (ROA)
Net income before extraordinary items for the year divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
ImmuCell's current Net Income (TTM) was 0.72.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 2. Cash Flow Return on Assets (CFROA)
Net cash flow from operating activities (operating cash flow) divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
ImmuCell's gearing of this year was 0.24151446. ImmuCell's gearing of last year was 0.26273753.
==> This year is lower or equal to last year. ==> Score 1.
Question 6. Change in Working Capital (Liquidity)
Compare this year's current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) to last year's current ratio.
Score 1 if this year's current ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
ImmuCell's current ratio of this year was 4.75246753. ImmuCell's current ratio of last year was 3.8539559.
==> This year's current ratio is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 7. Change in Shares in Issue
Compare the number of shares in issue this year, to the number in issue last year.
Score 0 if there is larger number of shares in issue this year, 1 otherwise.
ImmuCell's number of shares in issue this year was 9.189. ImmuCell's number of shares in issue last year was 9.031.
==> There is larger number of shares in issue this year. ==> Score 0.
Efficiency
Question 8. Change in Gross Margin
Compare this year's gross margin (Gross Profit divided by sales) to last year's.
Score 1 if this year's gross margin is higher, 0 if it's lower.
ImmuCell's gross margin of this year was 0.40306818. ImmuCell's gross margin of last year was 0.37407708.
==> This year's gross margin is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 9. Change in asset turnover
Compare this year's asset turnover (total sales for the year divided by total assets at the beginning of the year) to last year's asset turnover ratio.
Score 1 if this year's asset turnover ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
ImmuCell's asset turnover of this year was 0.65173921. ImmuCell's asset turnover of last year was 0.6653036.
==> Last year's asset turnover is higher ==> Score 0.
Evaluation
Piotroski F-Score
=
Que. 1
+
Que. 2
+
Que. 3
+
Que. 4
+
Que. 5
+
Que. 6
+
Que. 7
+
Que. 8
+
Que. 9
=
1
+
1
+
0
+
1
+
1
+
1
+
0
+
1
+
0
=
6
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
ImmuCell has an F-score of 6 indicating the company's financial situation is typical for a stable company.
ImmuCell (FRA:IUL) has a Piotroski F-Score of 6 as of Aug. 20, 2026. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on ImmuCell and its competitors. This is 20% above median its historical median of 5.00. Over the past decade, ImmuCell's Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 1.00 to 8.00. According to the industry distribution chart, ImmuCell ranks #111 out of 1335 companies in the Biotechnology industry, placing it in the top 8.3%.
Is ImmuCell's Piotroski F-Score too high?
ImmuCell's current Piotroski F-Score of 6 is 20% above median its 10-year median of 5.00. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 1.00 to a high of 8.00. The Biotechnology industry median Piotroski F-Score is 3.00. ImmuCell's value of 6 is 100% above this industry median. Based on the distribution chart, ImmuCell ranks #111 out of 1335 companies in the Biotechnology industry, which is in the top quartile — a strong position relative to peers. Overall, ImmuCell has a GF Score™ of 55/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does ImmuCell's Piotroski F-Score compare to COYA and ENTX?
According to the Biotechnology industry distribution chart, ImmuCell ranks #111 out of 1335 companies for Piotroski F-Score. This places ImmuCell in the top 8% of its industry — outperforming the majority of peers. The industry median Piotroski F-Score is 3.00. ImmuCell's value of 6 is 100% above this benchmark. Historically, ImmuCell's own Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 1.00 to 8.00 over the past decade. While the company's 10-year median is 5.00 vs. the industry median of 3.00, ImmuCell has consistently been above the industry average. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Piotroski F-Score for a Biotechnology company?
The median Piotroski F-Score among Biotechnology companies is 3.00, based on 1,335 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Piotroski F-Score significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Piotroski F-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. ImmuCell's current Piotroski F-Score of 6 is 100% above the industry median. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Piotroski F-Score mean?
A high Piotroski F-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on ImmuCell and its competitors. For the Biotechnology industry, the median Piotroski F-Score is 3.00 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. ImmuCell's current Piotroski F-Score is 6, which is 20% above median its own 10-year median of 5.00. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is ImmuCell stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, ImmuCell (FRA:IUL) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €5.66, compared to a current price of €8.30 — trading 46.6% above its estimated fair value. The current Piotroski F-Score is 6, which is 20% above median its 10-year median of 5.00 and 100% above the Biotechnology industry median of 3.00. ImmuCell's overall GF Score™ is 55/100 with 5 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Piotroski F-Score calculated?
Piotroski F-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For ImmuCell (FRA:IUL), the current Piotroski F-Score is 6 as of Aug. 20, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is ImmuCell (FRA:IUL) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, ImmuCell stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of €8.30 is trading 46.6% above its estimated GF Value™ of €5.66.
GuruFocus considers ImmuCell to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:IUL:
Piotroski F-Score: 6 (20% above median its 10-year median of 5.00)
GF Value™: €5.66 vs. price of €8.30 (46.6% above fair value)
Industry Position: 100% above the Biotechnology median (#111 of 1335)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:IUL stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
ImmuCell Corp is an animal health biologics company focused on the development, manufacture, and commercialization of products intended to improve the survivability, health, and long-term performance of neonatal dairy and beef calves. Its product, First Defense, utilizes hyperimmunized bovine colostrum to provide pathogen-specific antibodies and other bioactive components. First Defense is designed to provide Immediate Immunity through orally delivered antibodies against the principal viral and bacterial causes of neonatal calf diarrhea (scours), including Escherichia coli (E.coli), bovine coronavirus, and bovine rotavirus. It has two operating segments: Scours and Mastitis. It derives the majority of the revenue from the Scours segment that consists of the First Defense product line.
55GF Score
Get the complete analysis for FRA:IUL
Piotroski F-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
FRA:IUL has been successfully added to your 
