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Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
The developer of the system is Joseph D. Piotroski is relatively unknown accounting professor who shuns publicity and rarely gives interviews.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a B.S. in accounting in 1989, received an M.B.A. from Indiana University in 1994. Five years later, in 1999, after earning a Ph.D. in accounting from the University of Michigan, he became an associate professor of accounting at the University of Chicago.
He wanted to see if he can develop a system (using a simple nine-point scoring system) that can increase the returns of a strategy of investing in low price to book (referred to in the paper as high book to market) value companies.
What he found was something that exceeded his most optimistic expectations.
Buying only those companies that scored highest (8 or 9) on his nine-point scale, or F-Score as he called it, over the 20 year period from 1976 to 1996 led to an average out-performance over the market of 13.4%.
Even more impressive were the results of a strategy of investing in the highest F-Score companies (8 or 9) and shorting companies with the lowest F-Score (0 or 1).
Over the same period from 1976 to 1996 (20 years) this strategy led to an average yearly return of 23%, substantially outperforming the average S&P 500 index return of 15.83% over the same period.
Magic Software Enterprises Piotroski F-Score Related Terms
Magic Software Enterprises Piotroski F-Score Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:MGK vs IBM, ACN, FISV: Piotroski F-Score Comparison
For the Information Technology Services subindustry, Magic Software Enterprises's Piotroski F-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Piotroski F-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Magic Software Enterprises Piotroski F-Score vs Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Magic Software Enterprises's Piotroski F-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Magic Software Enterprises's Piotroski F-Score falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
*Note: If the latest quarterly/semi-annual/annual total assets data is 0, then we will use previous quarterly/semi-annual/annual data for all the items in the balance sheet.
Profitability
Question 1. Return on Assets (ROA)
Net income before extraordinary items for the year divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
Magic Software Enterprises's current Net Income (TTM) was 36.1.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 2. Cash Flow Return on Assets (CFROA)
Net cash flow from operating activities (operating cash flow) divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
Magic Software Enterprises's current Cash Flow from Operations (TTM) was 60.4.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 3. Change in Return on Assets
Compare this year's return on assets (1) to last year's return on assets.
Magic Software Enterprises's return on assets of this year was 0.07603914. Magic Software Enterprises's return on assets of last year was 0.06787099.
==> This year is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 4. Quality of Earnings (Accrual)
Compare Cash flow return on assets (2) to return on assets (1)
Magic Software Enterprises's gearing of this year was 0.09950737. Magic Software Enterprises's gearing of last year was 0.1140793.
==> This year is lower or equal to last year. ==> Score 1.
Question 6. Change in Working Capital (Liquidity)
Compare this year's current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) to last year's current ratio.
Score 1 if this year's current ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Magic Software Enterprises's current ratio of this year was 1.47940159. Magic Software Enterprises's current ratio of last year was 1.75660627.
==> Last year's current ratio is higher ==> Score 0.
Question 7. Change in Shares in Issue
Compare the number of shares in issue this year, to the number in issue last year.
Score 0 if there is larger number of shares in issue this year, 1 otherwise.
Magic Software Enterprises's number of shares in issue this year was 49.099. Magic Software Enterprises's number of shares in issue last year was 49.099.
==> There is smaller number of shares in issue this year, or the same. ==> Score 1.
Efficiency
Question 8. Change in Gross Margin
Compare this year's gross margin (Gross Profit divided by sales) to last year's.
Score 1 if this year's gross margin is higher, 0 if it's lower.
Magic Software Enterprises's gross margin of this year was 0.28186288. Magic Software Enterprises's gross margin of last year was 0.28422889.
==> Last year's gross margin is higher ==> Score 0.
Question 9. Change in asset turnover
Compare this year's asset turnover (total sales for the year divided by total assets at the beginning of the year) to last year's asset turnover ratio.
Score 1 if this year's asset turnover ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Magic Software Enterprises's asset turnover of this year was 1.14227841. Magic Software Enterprises's asset turnover of last year was 1.04291051.
==> This year's asset turnover is higher. ==> Score 1.
Evaluation
Piotroski F-Score
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7
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
Magic Software Enterprises has an F-score of 7. It is a good or high score, which usually indicates a very healthy situation.
Magic Software Enterprises (FRA:MGK) has a Piotroski F-Score of 7 as of Aug. 17, 2026. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Magic Software Enterprises and its competitors. This is 40% above median its historical median of 5.00. Over the past decade, Magic Software Enterprises' Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 1.00 to 7.00.
Is Magic Software Enterprises' Piotroski F-Score too high?
Magic Software Enterprises' current Piotroski F-Score of 7 is 40% above median its 10-year median of 5.00. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 1.00 to a high of 7.00. The Software industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Magic Software Enterprises' value of 7 is 40% above this industry median. Overall, Magic Software Enterprises has a GF Score™ of 90/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Magic Software Enterprises' Piotroski F-Score compare to IBM and ACN?
Magic Software Enterprises' Piotroski F-Score of 7 can be compared against companies in the Software industry. The industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Magic Software Enterprises' value of 7 is 40% above this benchmark. Historically, Magic Software Enterprises' own Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 1.00 to 7.00 over the past decade. While the company's 10-year median is 5.00 vs. the industry median of 5.00, Magic Software Enterprises has consistently been above the industry average. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Piotroski F-Score for a Software company?
The median Piotroski F-Score among Software companies is 5.00, based on 2,724 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Piotroski F-Score significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Piotroski F-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Magic Software Enterprises's current Piotroski F-Score of 7 is 40% above the industry median. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Piotroski F-Score mean?
A high Piotroski F-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Magic Software Enterprises and its competitors. For the Software industry, the median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Magic Software Enterprises's current Piotroski F-Score is 7, which is 40% above median its own 10-year median of 5.00. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Magic Software Enterprises stock overvalued right now?
Magic Software Enterprises (FRA:MGK) has a current Piotroski F-Score of 7. The stock's GF Value™ is €12.26, compared to a current price of €16.10 — trading 31.3% above its estimated fair value. The current Piotroski F-Score is 7, which is 40% above median its 10-year median of 5.00 and 40% above the Software industry median of 5.00. Magic Software Enterprises' overall GF Score™ is 90/100 with 1 warning sign to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Piotroski F-Score calculated?
Piotroski F-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Magic Software Enterprises (FRA:MGK), the current Piotroski F-Score is 7 as of Aug. 17, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Magic Software Enterprises (FRA:MGK) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Magic Software Enterprises stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of €16.10 is trading 31.3% above its estimated GF Value™ of €12.26.
Key valuation signals for FRA:MGK:
Piotroski F-Score: 7 (40% above median its 10-year median of 5.00)
GF Value™: €12.26 vs. price of €16.10 (31.3% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:MGK stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Magic Software Enterprises Ltd is a software development company. The company's operating segment includes Software Services and IT Professional Services. The company generates maximum revenue from the IT Professional Services segment. IT Professional Services segment offers IT services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology planning and implementation services, communications services and solutions, as well as supplemental outsourcing services. Geographically, it derives a majority of revenue from the United States and also has a presence in Israel, Europe, Japan, and Other countries.
90GF Score
Get the complete analysis for FRA:MGK
Piotroski F-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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