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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-07-30), the stock price of Northern Data AG is €47.525. Northern Data AG's graham number for the quarter that ended in Dec. 2025 was €N/A. Therefore, Northern Data AG's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for Northern Data AG's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 12 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Northern Data AG was 1.53. The lowest was 1.53. And the median was 1.53.
CHIX:NB2d's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Software industry.
Industry Median: 1.86 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Northern Data AG (CHIX:NB2d) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Northern Data AG's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2025 )
=
47.525
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Northern Data AG Graham Number Related Terms
Northern Data AG Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Northern Data AG's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
CHIX:NB2D vs IBM, ACN, FISV: Graham Number Comparison
For the Information Technology Services subindustry, Northern Data AG's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Northern Data AG Price-to-Graham-Number vs Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Northern Data AG's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Northern Data AG's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Northern Data AG (CHIX:NB2D) has a Graham Number of €N/A as of Dec. 2025. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Northern Data AG and its competitors. Over the past decade, Northern Data AG's Graham Number has ranged from 1.53 to 1.53. According to the industry distribution chart, Northern Data AG ranks #999999 out of 1479 companies in the Software industry.
Is Northern Data AG's Graham Number too high?
Northern Data AG's current Graham Number is €N/A. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 1.53 to a high of 1.53. Based on the distribution chart, Northern Data AG ranks #999999 out of 1479 companies in the Software industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Northern Data AG has a GF Score™ of 45/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Northern Data AG's Graham Number compare to IBM and ACN?
According to the Software industry distribution chart, Northern Data AG ranks #999999 out of 1479 companies for Graham Number. This places Northern Data AG in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.86. Historically, Northern Data AG's own Graham Number has ranged from 1.53 to 1.53 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Software company?
The median Graham Number among Software companies is 1.86, based on 1,479 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Northern Data AG and its competitors. For the Software industry, the median Graham Number is 1.86 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Northern Data AG's current Graham Number is €N/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Northern Data AG stock overvalued right now?
Northern Data AG (CHIX:NB2D) has a current Graham Number of €N/A. The stock's GF Value™ is €86.81, compared to a current price of €47.53 — trading 45.3% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €N/A. Northern Data AG's overall GF Score™ is 45/100 with 8 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Northern Data AG (CHIX:NB2D), the current Graham Number is €N/A as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Northern Data AG (CHIX:NB2D) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Northern Data AG stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €47.53 is trading 45.3% below its estimated GF Value™ of €86.81.
Key valuation signals for CHIX:NB2D:
Graham Number: €N/A
GF Value™: €86.81 vs. price of €47.53 (45.3% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the CHIX:NB2D stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Northern Data AG is a Business-to-Business technology company developing, using, and selling solutions on vertically integrated computing infrastructure. Its segment includes Peak Mining; Taiga Cloud and Ardent Data Centers. Geographically, it operates in Europe (excluding Germany), North America, and Germany. The company derives maximum revenue from Europe.
45GF Score
Get the complete analysis for CHIX:NB2D
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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