What is Societatea Energetica Electrica Graham Number?
Societatea Energetica ElectricaFRA:ECEB 45 Graham Number is €0.68 as of Mar. 2026, which is 100% below its 10-year median of 2.99. GuruFocus rates FRA:ECEB with a GF Score™ of 45/100 and a GF Value™ of €3.25 (Significantly Overvalued). The stock has 9 warning signs investors should review. Among 416 Utilities - Regulated companies, Societatea Energetica Electrica ranks worse than 98.8% on this metric.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for Societatea Energetica Electrica's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:ECEB'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 1.1 Med: 2.99 Max: 11.18
Current: 11.18
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Societatea Energetica Electrica was 11.18. The lowest was 1.10. And the median was 2.99.
FRA:ECEB's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 98.8% of 416
companies
in the Utilities - Regulated industry
Industry Median: 1.13
vs FRA:ECEB: 11.18
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Societatea Energetica Electrica (FRA:ECEB) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Societatea Energetica Electrica's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
7.60
/
0.68
=
11.21
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Societatea Energetica Electrica Graham Number Related Terms
Societatea Energetica Electrica Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Societatea Energetica Electrica Graham Number Chart
FRA:ECEB vs NEE, SO, DUK: Graham Number Comparison
For the Utilities - Regulated Electric subindustry, Societatea Energetica Electrica's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Societatea Energetica Electrica Price-to-Graham-Number vs Utilities - Regulated Industry
For the Utilities - Regulated industry and Utilities sector, Societatea Energetica Electrica's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Societatea Energetica Electrica's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Societatea Energetica Electrica (FRA:ECEB) has a Graham Number of €0.68 as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Societatea Energetica Electrica and its competitors. This is 77% below median its historical median of 2.99. Over the past decade, Societatea Energetica Electrica's Graham Number has ranged from 1.10 to 11.18. According to the industry distribution chart, Societatea Energetica Electrica ranks #411 out of 416 companies in the Utilities - Regulated industry, placing it in the top 98.8%.
Is Societatea Energetica Electrica's Graham Number too high?
Societatea Energetica Electrica's current Graham Number of €0.68 is 77% below median its 10-year median of 2.99. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 1.10 to a high of 11.18. Based on the distribution chart, Societatea Energetica Electrica ranks #411 out of 416 companies in the Utilities - Regulated industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Societatea Energetica Electrica has a GF Score™ of 45/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Societatea Energetica Electrica's Graham Number compare to NEE and SO?
According to the Utilities - Regulated industry distribution chart, Societatea Energetica Electrica ranks #411 out of 416 companies for Graham Number. This places Societatea Energetica Electrica in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.13. Historically, Societatea Energetica Electrica's own Graham Number has ranged from 1.10 to 11.18 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for an Utilities - Regulated company?
The median Graham Number among Utilities - Regulated companies is 1.13, based on 416 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Societatea Energetica Electrica and its competitors. For the Utilities - Regulated industry, the median Graham Number is 1.13 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Societatea Energetica Electrica's current Graham Number is €0.68, which is 77% below median its own 10-year median of 2.99. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Societatea Energetica Electrica stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Societatea Energetica Electrica (FRA:ECEB) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €3.25, compared to a current price of €7.60 — trading 133.8% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €0.68, which is 77% below median its 10-year median of 2.99. Societatea Energetica Electrica's overall GF Score™ is 45/100 with 9 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Societatea Energetica Electrica (FRA:ECEB), the current Graham Number is €0.68 as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Societatea Energetica Electrica (FRA:ECEB) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Societatea Energetica Electrica stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of €7.60 is trading 133.8% above its estimated GF Value™ of €3.25.
GuruFocus considers Societatea Energetica Electrica to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:ECEB:
Graham Number: €0.68 (77% below median its 10-year median of 2.99)
GF Value™: €3.25 vs. price of €7.60 (133.8% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:ECEB stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Societatea Energetica Electrica Business Description
Societatea Energetica Electrica SA is a Romanian company, which is engaged in operation and development of electricity distribution networks and activities related to electricity supply to final consumers. It mainly acts as an electricity distribution operator and the main electricity supplier in North Transylvania, South Transylvania, and North Muntenia. The company operates through following segments: Electricity & gas supply, which is engaged in purchasing and supplying electricity and gas to end consumers; Electricity distribution, which provides electricity distribution services; External electricity network services, which offers repairs, maintenance and other services for electricity networks owned by other distributors; Electricity generation segment; and Headquarters.
45GF Score
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