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Paradox Interactive ABFRA:ETA -1.02%80 Graham Number is €1.46 as of Mar. 2026, which is 100% below its 10-year median of 8.52. GuruFocus rates FRA:ETA with a GF Score™ of 80/100 and a GF Value™ of €15.73 (Modestly Undervalued). The stock has 5 warning signs investors should review. Among 283 Interactive Media companies, Paradox Interactive AB ranks worse than 97.17% on this metric.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for Paradox Interactive AB's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:ETA'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 4.56 Med: 8.52 Max: 18.45
Current: 8.12
During the past 12 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Paradox Interactive AB was 18.45. The lowest was 4.56. And the median was 8.52.
FRA:ETA's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 97.17% of 283
companies
in the Interactive Media industry
Industry Median: 1.39
vs FRA:ETA: 8.12
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Paradox Interactive AB (FRA:ETA) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Paradox Interactive AB's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
11.61
/
1.46
=
7.96
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Paradox Interactive AB Graham Number Related Terms
Paradox Interactive AB Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:ETA vs NTES, EA, TTWO: Graham Number Comparison
For the Electronic Gaming & Multimedia subindustry, Paradox Interactive AB's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Paradox Interactive AB Price-to-Graham-Number vs Interactive Media Industry
For the Interactive Media industry and Communication Services sector, Paradox Interactive AB's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Paradox Interactive AB's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Paradox Interactive AB (FRA:ETA) has a Graham Number of €1.46 as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Paradox Interactive AB and its competitors. This is 83% below median its historical median of 8.52. Over the past decade, Paradox Interactive AB's Graham Number has ranged from 4.56 to 18.45. According to the industry distribution chart, Paradox Interactive AB ranks #275 out of 283 companies in the Interactive Media industry, placing it in the top 97.2%.
Is Paradox Interactive AB's Graham Number too high?
Paradox Interactive AB's current Graham Number of €1.46 is 83% below median its 10-year median of 8.52. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 4.56 to a high of 18.45. Based on the distribution chart, Paradox Interactive AB ranks #275 out of 283 companies in the Interactive Media industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Paradox Interactive AB has a GF Score™ of 80/100 and is considered Modestly Undervalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Paradox Interactive AB's Graham Number compare to NTES and EA?
According to the Interactive Media industry distribution chart, Paradox Interactive AB ranks #275 out of 283 companies for Graham Number. This places Paradox Interactive AB in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.39. Historically, Paradox Interactive AB's own Graham Number has ranged from 4.56 to 18.45 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for an Interactive Media company?
The median Graham Number among Interactive Media companies is 1.39, based on 283 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Paradox Interactive AB and its competitors. For the Interactive Media industry, the median Graham Number is 1.39 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Paradox Interactive AB's current Graham Number is €1.46, which is 83% below median its own 10-year median of 8.52. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Paradox Interactive AB stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Paradox Interactive AB (FRA:ETA) is currently considered Modestly Undervalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €15.73, compared to a current price of €11.61 — trading 26.2% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €1.46, which is 83% below median its 10-year median of 8.52. Paradox Interactive AB's overall GF Score™ is 80/100 with 5 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Paradox Interactive AB (FRA:ETA), the current Graham Number is €1.46 as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Paradox Interactive AB (FRA:ETA) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Paradox Interactive AB stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €11.61 is trading 26.2% below its estimated GF Value™ of €15.73.
GuruFocus considers Paradox Interactive AB to be Modestly Undervalued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:ETA:
Graham Number: €1.46 (83% below median its 10-year median of 8.52)
GF Value™: €15.73 vs. price of €11.61 (26.2% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:ETA stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Paradox Interactive AB is a Swedish company. It is engaged in the development and publishing of PC-based games. The company's product portfolio includes franchise brands such as Stellaris, Europa Universalis, Hearts of Iron, Crusader Kings, Cities, Skylines, Tyranny and Magicka. Paradox is also involved in the publishing and internal development of games and licensing of White Wolf's brands. The company distributes its games through the digital platform Steam as well as on Apple, Google Play, and Sony stores. It operates its business across the world. The majority of the company's revenue comes from the United States, while it also has its presence in Sweden, Rest of Europe and Rest of the World.
80GF Score
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