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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for Valdor Technology International's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Valdor Technology International was 3.41. The lowest was 3.41. And the median was 3.41.
FRA:VZA's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Hardware industry.
Industry Median: 1.76 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Valdor Technology International (FRA:VZA) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Valdor Technology International's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2025 )
=
0.0834
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Valdor Technology International Graham Number Related Terms
Valdor Technology International Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Valdor Technology International Graham Number Chart
FRA:VZA vs CSCO, MSI, LITE: Graham Number Comparison
For the Communication Equipment subindustry, Valdor Technology International's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Valdor Technology International Price-to-Graham-Number vs Hardware Industry
For the Hardware industry and Technology sector, Valdor Technology International's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Valdor Technology International's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Valdor Technology International (FRA:VZA) has a Graham Number of €N/A as of Dec. 2025. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Valdor Technology International and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Valdor Technology International ranks #999999 out of 1657 companies in the Hardware industry.
Is Valdor Technology International's Graham Number too high?
Valdor Technology International's current Graham Number is €N/A. Based on the distribution chart, Valdor Technology International ranks #999999 out of 1657 companies in the Hardware industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Valdor Technology International has a GF Score™ of 43/100 and is considered Possible Value Trap, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Valdor Technology International's Graham Number compare to CSCO and MSI?
According to the Hardware industry distribution chart, Valdor Technology International ranks #999999 out of 1657 companies for Graham Number. This places Valdor Technology International in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.76. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Hardware company?
The median Graham Number among Hardware companies is 1.76, based on 1,657 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Valdor Technology International and its competitors. For the Hardware industry, the median Graham Number is 1.76 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Valdor Technology International's current Graham Number is €N/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Valdor Technology International stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Valdor Technology International (FRA:VZA) is currently considered Possible Value Trap. The stock's GF Value™ is €1.43, compared to a current price of €0.08 — trading 94.2% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €N/A. Valdor Technology International's overall GF Score™ is 43/100 with 3 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Valdor Technology International (FRA:VZA), the current Graham Number is €N/A as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Valdor Technology International (FRA:VZA) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Valdor Technology International stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €0.08 is trading 94.2% below its estimated GF Value™ of €1.43.
GuruFocus considers Valdor Technology International to be Possible Value Trap.
Key valuation signals for FRA:VZA:
Graham Number: €N/A
GF Value™: €1.43 vs. price of €0.08 (94.2% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:VZA stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Valdor Technology International Inc is engaged in the development, manufacturing, and marketing of fiber optic products. The majority of its revenue comes from the United States of America, while it also has a presence in Canadian markets. It serves Mining/Oil Exploration, Military/Aerospace, Medical/Industrial, and FTTx/ Data/Telecom/Security markets. The company's products include Niagara Streaming Media, NEW Core Products, Impact Mount Line, and Legacy Products.
43GF Score
Get the complete analysis for FRA:VZA
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