Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-07-03), the stock price of IPE Universal is $12.00. IPE Universal's graham number for the quarter that ended in Jun. 2012 was $N/A. Therefore, IPE Universal's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for IPE Universal's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
IPEU's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Software industry.
Industry Median: 1.81 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
IPE Universal (OTCPK:IPEU) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
IPE Universal's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Jun. 2012 )
=
12.00
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
IPE Universal Graham Number Related Terms
IPE Universal Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for IPE Universal's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
IPE Universal Graham Number Chart
IPE Universal Annual Data
Trend
Jun09
Jun10
Jun11
Graham Number
0.00
0.00
2,156.20
IPE Universal Semi-Annual Data
Jun09
Jun10
Jun11
Jun12
Graham Number
0.00
0.00
2,156.20
0.00
IPEU vs SPNS, SPT, PD: Graham Number Comparison
For the Software - Application subindustry, IPE Universal's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
IPE Universal Price-to-Graham-Number vs Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, IPE Universal's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where IPE Universal's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
IPE Universal (IPEU) has a Graham Number of $N/A as of Jun. 2012. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on IPE Universal and its competitors.
Is IPE Universal's Graham Number too high?
IPE Universal's current Graham Number is $N/A. Overall, IPE Universal has a GF Score™ of 30/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does IPE Universal's Graham Number compare to SPNS and SPT?
IPE Universal's Graham Number of $N/A can be compared against companies in the Software industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.81. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Software company?
The median Graham Number among Software companies is 1.81, based on 1,465 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on IPE Universal and its competitors. For the Software industry, the median Graham Number is 1.81 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. IPE Universal's current Graham Number is $N/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is IPE Universal stock overvalued right now?
IPE Universal (IPEU) has a current Graham Number of $N/A. The current Graham Number is $N/A. IPE Universal's overall GF Score™ is 30/100. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For IPE Universal (IPEU), the current Graham Number is $N/A as of Jun. 2012. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
IPE Universal Inc is engaged in developing childhood education software systems. The company is engaged in high-tech business developing early childhood education software systems located in Taiwan and China. The company also provides education programs, products, services and technological products but also licenses IP services to businesses, NFTs, Crypto, Virtual Real Estate, Metaverse (Virtual World), and merchandise and many other products.
30GF Score
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