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What is African And Overseas Enterprises Graham Number?
African And Overseas EnterprisesJSE:AOO 46 Graham Number is R9.54 as of Dec. 2025, which is 100% below its 10-year median of 1.08. GuruFocus rates JSE:AOO with a GF Score™ of 46/100 and a GF Value™ of R16.09 (Modestly Overvalued). The stock has 7 warning signs investors should review. Among 764 Retail - Cyclical companies, African And Overseas Enterprises ranks worse than 72.91% on this metric.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for African And Overseas Enterprises's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
JSE:AOO'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.41 Med: 1.08 Max: 5.76
Current: 2.1
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of African And Overseas Enterprises was 5.76. The lowest was 0.41. And the median was 1.08.
JSE:AOO's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 72.91% of 764
companies
in the Retail - Cyclical industry
Industry Median: 1.23
vs JSE:AOO: 2.10
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
African And Overseas Enterprises (JSE:AOO) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
African And Overseas Enterprises's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2025 )
=
20.00
/
9.54
=
2.10
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
African And Overseas Enterprises Graham Number Related Terms
African And Overseas Enterprises Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
African And Overseas Enterprises Graham Number Chart
JSE:AOO vs TJX, ROST, BURL: Graham Number Comparison
For the Apparel Retail subindustry, African And Overseas Enterprises's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
African And Overseas Enterprises Price-to-Graham-Number vs Retail - Cyclical Industry
For the Retail - Cyclical industry and Consumer Cyclical sector, African And Overseas Enterprises's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where African And Overseas Enterprises's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
African And Overseas Enterprises (JSE:AOO) has a Graham Number of R9.54 as of Dec. 2025. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on African And Overseas Enterprises and its competitors. This is 783% above median its historical median of 1.08. Over the past decade, African And Overseas Enterprises' Graham Number has ranged from 0.41 to 5.76. According to the industry distribution chart, African And Overseas Enterprises ranks #557 out of 764 companies in the Retail - Cyclical industry, placing it in the top 72.9%.
Is African And Overseas Enterprises' Graham Number too high?
African And Overseas Enterprises' current Graham Number of R9.54 is 783% above median its 10-year median of 1.08. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 0.41 to a high of 5.76. Based on the distribution chart, African And Overseas Enterprises ranks #557 out of 764 companies in the Retail - Cyclical industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, African And Overseas Enterprises has a GF Score™ of 46/100 and is considered Modestly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does African And Overseas Enterprises' Graham Number compare to TJX and ROST?
According to the Retail - Cyclical industry distribution chart, African And Overseas Enterprises ranks #557 out of 764 companies for Graham Number. This places African And Overseas Enterprises in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.23. Historically, African And Overseas Enterprises' own Graham Number has ranged from 0.41 to 5.76 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Retail - Cyclical company?
The median Graham Number among Retail - Cyclical companies is 1.23, based on 764 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on African And Overseas Enterprises and its competitors. For the Retail - Cyclical industry, the median Graham Number is 1.23 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. African And Overseas Enterprises's current Graham Number is R9.54, which is 783% above median its own 10-year median of 1.08. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is African And Overseas Enterprises stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, African And Overseas Enterprises (JSE:AOO) is currently considered Modestly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is R16.09, compared to a current price of R20.00 — trading 24.3% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is R9.54, which is 783% above median its 10-year median of 1.08. African And Overseas Enterprises' overall GF Score™ is 46/100 with 7 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For African And Overseas Enterprises (JSE:AOO), the current Graham Number is R9.54 as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is African And Overseas Enterprises (JSE:AOO) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, African And Overseas Enterprises stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of R20.00 is trading 24.3% above its estimated GF Value™ of R16.09.
GuruFocus considers African And Overseas Enterprises to be Modestly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for JSE:AOO:
Graham Number: R9.54 (783% above median its 10-year median of 1.08)
GF Value™: R16.09 vs. price of R20.00 (24.3% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the JSE:AOO stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
African And Overseas Enterprises Ltd is an investment holding company. The company operates in six segments: Retail division comprises the retailing of fashion apparel through Queenspark stores in South Africa. Property division comprises of the group's property portfolio based in Cape Town which includes both investment and owner-occupied properties.; Water infrastructure segment comprises an indirect investment made in a private water and wastewater utility group operating in the South African provinces, Media and broadcasting comprises the provision of media and satellite equipment and services through Telemedia, and the Group Services division manages the corporate responsibility and includes corporate costs and Technology segment. The Retail Segment derives maximum revenue.
46GF Score
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