Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Good Sign:
Beneish M-Score -2.49 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
The historical rank and industry rank for Aoyama Trading Co's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:9B7'
s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -2.87 Med: -2.62 Max: -2.45
Current: -2.49
During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Aoyama Trading Co was -2.45. The lowest was -2.87. And the median was -2.62.
Aoyama Trading Co Beneish M-Score Related Terms
Aoyama Trading Co Beneish M-Score Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Aoyama Trading Co's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:9B7 vs TJX, ROST, BURL: Beneish M-Score Comparison
For the Apparel Retail subindustry, Aoyama Trading Co's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Aoyama Trading Co Beneish M-Score vs Retail - Cyclical Industry
For the Retail - Cyclical industry and Consumer Cyclical sector, Aoyama Trading Co's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Aoyama Trading Co's Beneish M-Score falls into.
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Aoyama Trading Co for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
M
=
-4.84
+
0.92 * DSRI
+
0.528 * GMI
+
0.404 * AQI
+
0.892 * SGI
+
0.115 * DEPI
=
-4.84
+
0.92 * 1.0535
+
0.528 * 0.9895
+
0.404 * 1.0252
+
0.892 * 0.8483
+
0.115 * 1.0245
-
0.172 * SGAI
+
4.679 * TATA
-
0.327 * LVGI
-
0.172 * 1
+
4.679 * -0.010052
-
0.327 * 0.9619
=
-2.59
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
DEPI
=
(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1))
/
(Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=
(47.405 / (47.405 + 514.716))
/
(41.772 / (41.772 + 465.701))
=
0.084332
/
0.082314
=
1.0245
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
TATA
=
(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t
-
CashFlowsfromOperations_t)
/
TotalAssets_t
=
(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t
-
CashFlowsfromOperations_t)
/
TotalAssets_t
=
(37.711 - 0
-
54.484)
/
1668.569
=
-0.010052
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Aoyama Trading Co has a M-score of -2.59 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Aoyama Trading Co (FRA:9B7) has a Beneish M-Score of -2.49 as of Jul. 14, 2026. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Aoyama Trading Co and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Aoyama Trading Co ranks #626 out of 1083 companies in the Retail - Cyclical industry, placing it in the top 57.8%.
Is Aoyama Trading Co's Beneish M-Score too high?
Aoyama Trading Co's current Beneish M-Score is -2.49. Based on the distribution chart, Aoyama Trading Co ranks #626 out of 1083 companies in the Retail - Cyclical industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, Aoyama Trading Co has a GF Score™ of 31/100 and is considered Fairly Valued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Aoyama Trading Co's Beneish M-Score compare to TJX and ROST?
According to the Retail - Cyclical industry distribution chart, Aoyama Trading Co ranks #626 out of 1083 companies for Beneish M-Score. This places Aoyama Trading Co in the lower half of its industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Beneish M-Score for a Retail - Cyclical company?
A good Beneish M-Score depends on the Retail - Cyclical industry context. However, Beneish M-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Beneish M-Score mean?
A high Beneish M-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Aoyama Trading Co and its competitors. Aoyama Trading Co's current Beneish M-Score is -2.49. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Aoyama Trading Co stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Aoyama Trading Co (FRA:9B7) is currently considered Fairly Valued. The stock's GF Value™ is €3.51, compared to a current price of €3.74 — trading 6.6% above its estimated fair value. The current Beneish M-Score is -2.49. Aoyama Trading Co's overall GF Score™ is 31/100 with 3 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Beneish M-Score calculated?
Beneish M-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Aoyama Trading Co (FRA:9B7), the current Beneish M-Score is -2.49 as of Jul. 14, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Aoyama Trading Co (FRA:9B7) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Aoyama Trading Co stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of €3.74 is trading 6.6% above its estimated GF Value™ of €3.51.
GuruFocus considers Aoyama Trading Co to be Fairly Valued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:9B7:
Beneish M-Score: -2.49
GF Value™: €3.51 vs. price of €3.74 (6.6% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:9B7 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Aoyama Trading Co Ltd is an apparel retailer specializing in business wear. Men's business wear accounts for roughly two thirds of the company's total sales, while women's business wear accounts for roughly 10%. Business wear stores include Yofuku-no-Aoyama, which is the company's primary brand and has nearly 800 locations; The Suit Company; and Next Blue. Other business segments include casual wear, with store brands including Universal Language and Calaja; credit cards; printing and media; and total repair service, which includes the company's Mister Minit stores, providing repair services such as shoe repair and key duplication. Aoyama's sales are primarily in Japan, but the firm has business throughout the Asia-Pacific region.
31GF Score
Get the complete analysis for FRA:9B7
Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
FRA:9B7 has been successfully added to your 
