Digital River Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Digital River's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Digital River Beneish M-Score Chart
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Digital River Annual Data
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| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.75 |
-2.99 |
-2.58 |
-3.77 |
-2.27 |
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Digital River Quarterly Data
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| Beneish M-Score |
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-4.20 |
-2.27 |
-2.37 |
-2.89 |
-2.38 |
Competitive Comparison of Digital River's Beneish M-Score
For the Software - Application subindustry, Digital River's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Digital River's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Digital River's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Digital River's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Digital River Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Digital River for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.4031 | + | 0.528 * 0.9985 | + | 0.404 * 1.1838 | + | 0.892 * 0.9448 | + | 0.115 * 0.8712 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9146 | + | 4.679 * -0.05551 | - | 0.327 * 0.8823 |
| = | -2.31 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (50.182 / 277.868) | / | (37.853 / 294.089) |
| = | 0.180597 | / | 0.128713 |
| | = | 1.4031 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (237.61 / 294.089) | / | (224.851 / 277.868) |
| = | 0.807953 | / | 0.809201 |
| | = | 0.9985 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (370.049 + 36.772) / 569.877) | / | (1 - (498.823 + 39.422) / 709.803) |
| = | 0.286125 | / | 0.241698 |
| | = | 1.1838 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 277.868 | / | 294.089 |
| | = | 0.9448 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (21.854 / (21.854 + 39.422)) | / | (25.486 / (25.486 + 36.772)) |
| = | 0.356649 | / | 0.409361 |
| | = | 0.8712 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (109.408 / 277.868) | / | (126.61 / 294.089) |
| = | 0.393741 | / | 0.430516 |
| | = | 0.9146 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((104.9 + 178.611) / 569.877) | / | ((221.221 + 179.002) / 709.803) |
| = | 0.497495 | / | 0.563851 |
| | = | 0.8823 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-6.081 - -2.931 | - | 28.484) | / | 569.877 |
| | = | -0.05551 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Digital River has a M-score of -2.31 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Digital River (FRA:RIV) Business Description
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Digital River, Inc., was incorporated in Delaware in February 1994. The Company provides end-to-end e-commerce and marketing solutions to a variety of companies in software, consumer electronics, computer games, video games, and other markets. It offers its clients, services that enables them to quickly and cost effectively establish an online sales channel capability and to subsequently manage and grow online sales while mitigating risks. Its services include design, development and hosting of online stores and shopping carts, store merchandising and optimization, order management, denied parties screening, export controls and management, tax compliance and management, fraud management, digital product delivery via download, physical product fulfillment, subscription management, online marketing including e-mail marketing, management of affiliate programs, paid search programs, payment processing services, website optimization, web analytics and reporting, and CD production and delivery. Its products and services allow its clients to focus on promoting and marketing their products and brands while leveraging its investments in technology and infrastructure to facilitate the purchase of products through their online websites. Shoppers could browse for products and make purchases online. The Company typically is the seller of record for transactions through its client branded stores. It also processes the buyer's payment as the merchant of record, including collection and remittance of applicable taxes. The Company's e-commerce store solutions range from simple remote control models to more comprehensive online store models. In addition to the services the Company provides, that facilitate the completion of an online transaction, it also offers services designed to increase traffic to its clients' websites and the associated online stores and to improve the sales productivity of those stores. The Company's services include paid search advertising, search engine optimization affiliate marketing, store optimization, multi-variant testing, web analytic services and e-mail optimization. All of the services are designed to help its clients acquire customers more effectively, sell to those customers more often and more efficiently, and increase the lifetime value of each customer. The Company sells its products and services to consumers through the Internet. It sells and markets its services for clients through a direct sales force located in offices in the United States, Europe and Asia Pacific. Some of the competitors of the Company are Art Technology Group, Inc., IBM Corporation, IBM Global Services, Accenture, Inc., GSI Commerce, Inc., asknet Inc., Arvato, ValueClick, Inc. and aQuantive, Inc. The Company is subject to a number of foreign and domestic laws and regulations that affect companies conducting business on the internet.
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