GATX Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for GATX's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
GATX Beneish M-Score Chart
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GATX Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.88 |
-2.63 |
-2.65 |
-2.75 |
-2.35 |
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GATX Quarterly Data
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Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.58 |
-2.58 |
-2.50 |
-2.35 |
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Competitive Comparison of GATX's Beneish M-Score
For the Rental & Leasing Services subindustry, GATX's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
GATX's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Business Services Industry
For the Business Services industry and Industrials sector, GATX's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where GATX's Beneish M-Score falls into.
GATX Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of GATX for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.2164 | + | 0.528 * 0.9804 | + | 0.404 * 0.9936 | + | 0.892 * 1.1083 | + | 0.115 * 1.0691 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9842 | + | 4.679 * -0.033737 | - | 0.327 * 1.0124 |
| = | -2.35 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $218 Mil.
Revenue was 368.7 + 360.1 + 343.2 + 338.9 = $1,411 Mil.
Gross Profit was 169.7 + 166 + 157.4 + 154.2 = $647 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $758 Mil.
Total Assets was $11,326 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $9,676 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $392 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $213 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $251 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $7,615 Mil.
Net Income was 66 + 52.5 + 63.3 + 77.4 = $259 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 22.9 + 18.7 + 36.2 + 43.1 = $121 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 120.3 + 141.7 + 163.4 + 95 = $520 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $162 Mil.
Revenue was 322.7 + 321 + 312.7 + 316.6 = $1,273 Mil.
Gross Profit was 150.6 + 143.8 + 139 + 139.2 = $573 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $727 Mil.
Total Assets was $10,072 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $8,546 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $371 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $195 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $220 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $6,689 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (218.4 / 1410.9) | / | (162 / 1273) |
| = | 0.154795 | / | 0.127258 |
| | = | 1.2164 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (572.6 / 1273) | / | (647.3 / 1410.9) |
| = | 0.449804 | / | 0.458785 |
| | = | 0.9804 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (758.3 + 9675.8) / 11326) | / | (1 - (727.4 + 8546.3) / 10072) |
| = | 0.078748 | / | 0.079259 |
| | = | 0.9936 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1410.9 | / | 1273 |
| | = | 1.1083 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (371.3 / (371.3 + 8546.3)) | / | (392.1 / (392.1 + 9675.8)) |
| = | 0.041637 | / | 0.038946 |
| | = | 1.0691 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (212.7 / 1410.9) | / | (195 / 1273) |
| = | 0.150755 | / | 0.153181 |
| | = | 0.9842 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((7614.9 + 250.6) / 11326) | / | ((6689.4 + 219.5) / 10072) |
| = | 0.694464 | / | 0.685951 |
| | = | 1.0124 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (259.2 - 120.9 | - | 520.4) | / | 11326 |
| | = | -0.033737 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
GATX has a M-score of -2.35 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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