PT Vale Indonesia Tbk Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for PT Vale Indonesia Tbk's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
PT Vale Indonesia Tbk Beneish M-Score Chart
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PT Vale Indonesia Tbk Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.71 |
-3.34 |
-2.71 |
-2.31 |
-2.91 |
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PT Vale Indonesia Tbk Quarterly Data
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Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
Jun24 |
Sep24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.88 |
-2.91 |
-3.14 |
-2.50 |
-2.23 |
Competitive Comparison of PT Vale Indonesia Tbk's Beneish M-Score
For the Other Industrial Metals & Mining subindustry, PT Vale Indonesia Tbk's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
PT Vale Indonesia Tbk's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Metals & Mining Industry
For the Metals & Mining industry and Basic Materials sector, PT Vale Indonesia Tbk's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where PT Vale Indonesia Tbk's Beneish M-Score falls into.
PT Vale Indonesia Tbk Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of PT Vale Indonesia Tbk for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.985 | + | 0.528 * 1.9534 | + | 0.404 * 1.0509 | + | 0.892 * 0.8114 | + | 0.115 * 1 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.6149 | + | 4.679 * -0.038446 | - | 0.327 * 0.9268 |
| = | -2.23 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Sep24) TTM: | Last Year (Sep23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was Rp1,330,539 Mil.
Revenue was 3542872.647 + 3835699.431 + 3544707.15 + 4537959.57 = Rp15,461,239 Mil.
Gross Profit was 286475.395 + 639655.792 + 309768.961 + 926778.659 = Rp2,162,679 Mil.
Total Current Assets was Rp16,930,691 Mil.
Total Assets was Rp47,988,598 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was Rp28,283,506 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was Rp0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was Rp103,919 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was Rp3,426,574 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was Rp56,715 Mil.
Net Income was 213079.853 + 479314.05 + 95486.66 + 555962.366 = Rp1,343,843 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = Rp0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 263366.822 + 776904.376 + 1430033.746 + 718508.595 = Rp3,188,814 Mil.
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Total Receivables was Rp1,664,682 Mil.
Revenue was 4330650.958 + 4444496.201 + 5470220.899 + 4808577.177 = Rp19,053,945 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1031392.014 + 1285309.228 + 2032407.421 + 857041.28 = Rp5,206,150 Mil.
Total Current Assets was Rp17,077,697 Mil.
Total Assets was Rp44,445,295 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was Rp24,922,378 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was Rp0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was Rp208,252 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was Rp3,431,571 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was Rp49,264 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1330538.928 / 15461238.798) | / | (1664681.927 / 19053945.235) |
| = | 0.086056 | / | 0.087367 |
| | = | 0.985 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (5206149.943 / 19053945.235) | / | (2162678.807 / 15461238.798) |
| = | 0.273232 | / | 0.139877 |
| | = | 1.9534 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (16930691.238 + 28283506.275) / 47988598.332) | / | (1 - (17077696.749 + 24922377.775) / 44445294.924) |
| = | 0.057814 | / | 0.055016 |
| | = | 1.0509 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 15461238.798 | / | 19053945.235 |
| | = | 0.8114 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (0 / (0 + 24922377.775)) | / | (0 / (0 + 28283506.275)) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (103919.208 / 15461238.798) | / | (208251.518 / 19053945.235) |
| = | 0.006721 | / | 0.01093 |
| | = | 0.6149 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((56715.438 + 3426574.397) / 47988598.332) | / | ((49263.99 + 3431571.495) / 44445294.924) |
| = | 0.072586 | / | 0.078317 |
| | = | 0.9268 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (1343842.929 - 0 | - | 3188813.539) | / | 47988598.332 |
| | = | -0.038446 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
PT Vale Indonesia Tbk has a M-score of -2.23 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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