Zoom Communications Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Zoom Communications's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Zoom Communications Beneish M-Score Chart
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Zoom Communications Annual Data
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| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.20 |
-0.48 |
-1.50 |
-2.87 |
-3.08 |
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Zoom Communications Quarterly Data
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| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.31 |
-3.08 |
-3.17 |
-3.13 |
-3.15 |
Competitive Comparison of Zoom Communications's Beneish M-Score
For the Software - Application subindustry, Zoom Communications's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Zoom Communications's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Zoom Communications's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Zoom Communications's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Zoom Communications Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Zoom Communications for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8282 | + | 0.528 * 0.9975 | + | 0.404 * 1.0344 | + | 0.892 * 1.0287 | + | 0.115 * 0.9855 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8022 | + | 4.679 * -0.130353 | - | 0.327 * 0.9123 |
| = | -3.15 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Oct24) TTM: | Last Year (Oct23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $458 Mil.
Revenue was 1177.541 + 1162.52 + 1141.234 + 1146.457 = $4,628 Mil.
Gross Profit was 893.66 + 877.431 + 867.932 + 870.15 = $3,509 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $8,532 Mil.
Total Assets was $10,680 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $398 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $115 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1,912 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $1,853 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $38 Mil.
Net Income was 207.05 + 219.015 + 216.308 + 298.832 = $941 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 97.572 + 90.519 + 88.942 + 184.353 = $461 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 483.217 + 449.334 + 588.191 + 351.225 = $1,872 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $538 Mil.
Revenue was 1136.727 + 1138.676 + 1105.364 + 1117.803 = $4,499 Mil.
Gross Profit was 865.739 + 872.117 + 841.417 + 823.449 = $3,403 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $7,485 Mil.
Total Assets was $9,317 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $357 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $102 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $2,317 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $1,753 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $55 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (458.007 / 4627.752) | / | (537.576 / 4498.57) |
| = | 0.09897 | / | 0.119499 |
| | = | 0.8282 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (3402.722 / 4498.57) | / | (3509.173 / 4627.752) |
| = | 0.756401 | / | 0.758289 |
| | = | 0.9975 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (8532.415 + 397.628) / 10679.869) | / | (1 - (7484.759 + 356.909) / 9317.472) |
| = | 0.163843 | / | 0.158391 |
| | = | 1.0344 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 4627.752 | / | 4498.57 |
| | = | 1.0287 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (101.579 / (101.579 + 356.909)) | / | (115.313 / (115.313 + 397.628)) |
| = | 0.221552 | / | 0.224808 |
| | = | 0.9855 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (1911.835 / 4627.752) | / | (2316.697 / 4498.57) |
| = | 0.413124 | / | 0.514985 |
| | = | 0.8022 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((37.59 + 1853.426) / 10679.869) | / | ((55.409 + 1753.005) / 9317.472) |
| = | 0.177064 | / | 0.194088 |
| | = | 0.9123 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (941.205 - 461.386 | - | 1871.967) | / | 10679.869 |
| | = | -0.130353 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Zoom Communications has a M-score of -3.15 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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