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In calculating the Net-Net Working Capital (NNWC), Benjamin Graham assumed that a company's accounts receivable is only worth 75% its value, its inventory is only worth 50% of its value, but its liabilities have to be paid in full. In addition, Graham believed that preferred stock belongs on the liability side of the balance sheet, not as part of capital and surplus. This is a conservative way of estimating the company's value.
FRA:1BY's Price-to-Net-Net-Working-Capital is not ranked *
in the Interactive Media industry.
Industry Median: 5.01 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Net-Net-Working-Capital only.
Boyaa Interactive International (FRA:1BY) Net-Net Working Capital Explanation
One research study, covering the years 1970 through 1983 showed that portfolios picked at the beginning of each year, and held for one year, returned 29.4 percent, on average, over the 13-year period, compared to 11.5 percent for the S&P 500 Index. Other studies of Graham's strategy produced similar results.
Benjamin Graham looked for companies whose market values were less than two-thirds of their net-net value. They are collected under our Net-Net screener.
Boyaa Interactive International Net-Net Working Capital Related Terms
Boyaa Interactive International Net-Net Working Capital Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Boyaa Interactive International Net-Net Working Capital Chart
FRA:1BY vs NTES, EA, TTWO: Net-Net Working Capital Comparison
For the Electronic Gaming & Multimedia subindustry, Boyaa Interactive International's Price-to-Net-Net-Working-Capital, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Net-Net-Working-Capital data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Boyaa Interactive International Price-to-Net-Net-Working-Capital vs Interactive Media Industry
For the Interactive Media industry and Communication Services sector, Boyaa Interactive International's Price-to-Net-Net-Working-Capital distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Boyaa Interactive International's Price-to-Net-Net-Working-Capital falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
In calculating the Net-Net Working Capital (NNWC), Benjamin Graham assumed that a company's accounts receivable is only worth 75% its value, its inventory is only worth 50% of its value, but its liabilities have to be paid in full.
In addition, Graham believed that preferred stock belongs on the liability side of the balance sheet, not as part of capital and surplus. In "Security Analysis", preferred stock is dubbed "an imperfect creditorship position" that is best placed on the balance sheet alongside funded debt.
This is a conservative way of estimating the company's value.
What does a Net-Net Working Capital of €-0.04 mean?
Boyaa Interactive International (FRA:1BY) has a Net-Net Working Capital of €-0.04 as of Mar. 2026. Ben Graham defined net-net working capital as the per-share sum of cash, 75% of receivables and 50% of inventory less total liabilities. View historical data on Boyaa Interactive International According to the industry distribution chart, Boyaa Interactive International ranks #999999 out of 296 companies in the Interactive Media industry.
Is Boyaa Interactive International's Net-Net Working Capital too high?
Boyaa Interactive International's current Net-Net Working Capital is €-0.04. Based on the distribution chart, Boyaa Interactive International ranks #999999 out of 296 companies in the Interactive Media industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Boyaa Interactive International has a GF Score™ of 47/100 and is considered Modestly Undervalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Boyaa Interactive International's Net-Net Working Capital compare to NTES and EA?
According to the Interactive Media industry distribution chart, Boyaa Interactive International ranks #999999 out of 296 companies for Net-Net Working Capital. This places Boyaa Interactive International in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Net-Net Working Capital is 5.01. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Net-Net Working Capital for an Interactive Media company?
The median Net-Net Working Capital among Interactive Media companies is 5.01, based on 296 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Net-Net Working Capital significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Net-Net Working Capital should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Net-Net Working Capital mean?
A high Net-Net Working Capital can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. Ben Graham defined net-net working capital as the per-share sum of cash, 75% of receivables and 50% of inventory less total liabilities. View historical data on Boyaa Interactive International For the Interactive Media industry, the median Net-Net Working Capital is 5.01 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Boyaa Interactive International's current Net-Net Working Capital is €-0.04. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Boyaa Interactive International stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Boyaa Interactive International (FRA:1BY) is currently considered Modestly Undervalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €0.29, compared to a current price of €0.25 — trading 13.8% below its estimated fair value. The current Net-Net Working Capital is €-0.04. Boyaa Interactive International's overall GF Score™ is 47/100 with 2 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Net-Net Working Capital calculated?
Net-Net Working Capital is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Boyaa Interactive International (FRA:1BY), the current Net-Net Working Capital is €-0.04 as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Boyaa Interactive International (FRA:1BY) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Boyaa Interactive International stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €0.25 is trading 13.8% below its estimated GF Value™ of €0.29.
GuruFocus considers Boyaa Interactive International to be Modestly Undervalued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:1BY:
Net-Net Working Capital: €-0.04
GF Value™: €0.29 vs. price of €0.25 (13.8% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:1BY stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Boyaa Interactive International Ltd is an investment holding company. Along with its subsidiaries, the company is engaged in the development and operation of online card and board games, and is committed to promoting and developing Web3 game-related business. The group's reportable segments are the Online game related business, the Web3 related business, and the Property investment business. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Online game related business segment, which is engaged in mobile and computer games development, operations, and related advisory services. Geographically, the group's operations are substantially located in Hong Kong.
47GF Score
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Net-Net Working Capital is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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