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Richard Sloan from the University of Michigan was first to document what is referred to as the "accrual anomaly". His 1996 paper found that shares of companies with small or negative accruals vastly outperform (+10%) those of companies with large ones.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Sloan Ratio for the quarter that ended in Dec. 2025 was -2.98%.
As of Dec. 2025, Zhaoke Ophthalmology has a Sloan Ratio of -2.98%, indicating the company is in the safe zone and there is no funny business with accruals.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology (FRA:9FX) Sloan Ratio % Explanation
A former University of Michigan researcher, Richard Sloan's 1996 paper found that shares of companies with small or negative accruals vastly outperform (+10%) those of companies with large ones. In fact, for the 40-year period between 1962 and 2001, buying the lowest accrual companies and shorting the highest accrual companies resulted in an average annual compounded return of 18%, more than double the S&P 500's 7.4% annual return over the same period.
If the Sloan Ratio is between -10% and 10%, the company is in the safe zone and there is no funny business with accruals.
If the Sloan Ratio is less than between -25% and -10% on the negative side, and between 10% and 25% on the positive side, this is a warning stage of accrual build up.
If the Sloan Ratio is less than -25% or greater than 25%, and this ratio is consistent over several quarters or even years, be careful. Earnings are highly likely to be made up of accruals.
As of Dec. 2025, Zhaoke Ophthalmology has a Sloan Ratio of -2.98%, indicating the company is in the safe zone and there is no funny business with accruals.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology Sloan Ratio % Related Terms
Zhaoke Ophthalmology Sloan Ratio % Historical Data
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The historical data trend for Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Sloan Ratio % can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:9FX vs VRTX, REGN, MRNA: Sloan Ratio % Comparison
For the Biotechnology subindustry, Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Sloan Ratio %, along with its competitors' market caps and Sloan Ratio % data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology Sloan Ratio % vs Biotechnology Industry
For the Biotechnology industry and Healthcare sector, Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Sloan Ratio % distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Sloan Ratio % falls into.
Earnings contain a lot of non cash earnings which is called accruals. The Sloan ratio is a way to identify firms with low non-cash or accrual-derived earnings relative to their cash flow.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Sloan Ratio for the fiscal year that ended in Dec. 2025 is calculated as
For company reported semi-annually, GuruFocus uses latest two semi-annual data as the TTM data.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Net Income for the trailing twelve months (TTM) ended in Dec. 2025 was -14.082 (Jun. 2025 ) + -11.199 (Dec. 2025 ) = €-25.28 Mil.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Cash Flow from Operations for the trailing twelve months (TTM) ended in Dec. 2025 was -17.989 (Jun. 2025 ) + -13.485 (Dec. 2025 ) = €-31.47 Mil.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Cash Flow from Investing for the trailing twelve months (TTM) ended in Dec. 2025 was 10.743 (Jun. 2025 ) + 2.442 (Dec. 2025 ) = €13.19 Mil.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology (FRA:9FX) has a Sloan Ratio % of -2.98% as of Dec. 2025. Sloan ratio measures earnings quality based on the amount of accruals. View historical data on Zhaoke Ophthalmology and its competitors.
Is Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Sloan Ratio % too high?
Zhaoke Ophthalmology's current Sloan Ratio % is -2.98%. Overall, Zhaoke Ophthalmology has a GF Score™ of 47/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Sloan Ratio % compare to VRTX and REGN?
Zhaoke Ophthalmology's Sloan Ratio % of -2.98% can be compared against companies in the Biotechnology industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Sloan Ratio % for a Biotechnology company?
A good Sloan Ratio % depends on the Biotechnology industry context. However, Sloan Ratio % should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Sloan Ratio % mean?
A high Sloan Ratio % can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. Sloan ratio measures earnings quality based on the amount of accruals. View historical data on Zhaoke Ophthalmology and its competitors. Zhaoke Ophthalmology's current Sloan Ratio % is -2.98%. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Zhaoke Ophthalmology stock overvalued right now?
Zhaoke Ophthalmology (FRA:9FX) has a current Sloan Ratio % of -2.98%. The stock's GF Value™ is €0.27, compared to a current price of €0.26 — trading 4.4% below its estimated fair value. The current Sloan Ratio % is -2.98%. Zhaoke Ophthalmology's overall GF Score™ is 47/100 with 5 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Sloan Ratio % calculated?
Sloan Ratio % is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Zhaoke Ophthalmology (FRA:9FX), the current Sloan Ratio % is -2.98% as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Zhaoke Ophthalmology (FRA:9FX) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Zhaoke Ophthalmology stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €0.26 is trading 4.4% below its estimated GF Value™ of €0.27.
Key valuation signals for FRA:9FX:
Sloan Ratio %: -2.98%
GF Value™: €0.27 vs. price of €0.26 (4.4% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:9FX stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Zhaoke Ophthalmology Ltd is an ophthalmic pharmaceutical company dedicated to the research, development, manufacture and commercialization of therapies that address unmet medical needs. The company has three flagship drug assets progressing towards potential market approval: NVK002 for myopia, CsA Ophthalmic Gel for DED and TAB014 for wAMD; and two drug assets in the clinical stage BRIMOCHOL PF for presbyopia and ZKY001 for corneal epithelial defects. Geographically the company operates in Hong Kong, Chinese Mainland, South Korea, and Others, of which it generates maximum revenue from Chinese Mainland.
47GF Score
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