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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-09-06), the stock price of Luka Koper DD is €129.00. Luka Koper DD's graham number for the quarter that ended in Jun. 2026 was €83.08. Therefore, Luka Koper DD's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 1.55.
The historical rank and industry rank for Luka Koper DD's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:2FA'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.36 Med: 0.59 Max: 1.58
Current: 1.58
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Luka Koper DD was 1.58. The lowest was 0.36. And the median was 0.59.
FRA:2FA's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 70.92% of 753
companies
in the Transportation industry
Industry Median: 1.03
vs FRA:2FA: 1.58
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Luka Koper DD's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Jun. 2026 )
=
129.00
/
83.08
=
1.55
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Luka Koper DD Graham Number Related Terms
Luka Koper DD Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Luka Koper DD's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
For the Marine Shipping subindustry, Luka Koper DD's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Luka Koper DD Price-to-Graham-Number vs Transportation Industry
For the Transportation industry and Industrials sector, Luka Koper DD's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Luka Koper DD's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Luka Koper DD (FRA:2FA) has a Graham Number of €83.08 as of Jun. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Luka Koper DD and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Luka Koper DD ranks #534 out of 753 companies in the Transportation industry, placing it in the top 70.9%.
Is Luka Koper DD's Graham Number too high?
Luka Koper DD's current Graham Number is €83.08. Based on the distribution chart, Luka Koper DD ranks #534 out of 753 companies in the Transportation industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, Luka Koper DD has a GF Score™ of 62/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Luka Koper DD's Graham Number compare to competitors?
According to the Transportation industry distribution chart, Luka Koper DD ranks #534 out of 753 companies for Graham Number. This places Luka Koper DD in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.03. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Transportation company?
The median Graham Number among Transportation companies is 1.03, based on 753 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Luka Koper DD and its competitors. For the Transportation industry, the median Graham Number is 1.03 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Luka Koper DD's current Graham Number is €83.08. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Luka Koper DD stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Luka Koper DD (FRA:2FA) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €53.97, compared to a current price of €129.00 — trading 139% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €83.08. Luka Koper DD's overall GF Score™ is 62/100 with 4 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Luka Koper DD (FRA:2FA), the current Graham Number is €83.08 as of Jun. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Luka Koper DD (FRA:2FA) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Luka Koper DD stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of €129.00 is trading 139% above its estimated GF Value™ of €53.97.
GuruFocus considers Luka Koper DD to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:2FA:
Graham Number: €83.08
GF Value™: €53.97 vs. price of €129.00 (139% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:2FA stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Luka Koper DD is engaged in the provision of port and logistics services in the Port of Koper. It provides basic port services such as transshipment and warehousing of goods, goods-related services, managing the port area, logistics services, services related to maritime activity, and maintenance of the port area. The other activities carried out by the company are hospitality services, quality control activities, and rear logistics activities. The basic port activities of throughput and warehousing are carried out at specialized port terminals, which comprise a general cargo terminal, timber terminal, container terminal, dry bulk terminal, alumina terminal, and others.
62GF Score
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