Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-08-29), the stock price of TRANSACTION Co is €6.303. TRANSACTION Co's graham number for the quarter that ended in Feb. 2026 was €4.32. Therefore, TRANSACTION Co's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 1.46.
The historical rank and industry rank for TRANSACTION Co's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:MN0'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 1.21 Med: 1.65 Max: 15.69
Current: 1.5
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of TRANSACTION Co was 15.69. The lowest was 1.21. And the median was 1.65.
FRA:MN0's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 65.78% of 1385
companies
in the Consumer Packaged Goods industry
Industry Median: 1.13
vs FRA:MN0: 1.50
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
TRANSACTION Co (FRA:MN0) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
TRANSACTION Co's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Feb. 2026 )
=
6.303
/
4.32
=
1.46
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
TRANSACTION Co Graham Number Related Terms
TRANSACTION Co Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for TRANSACTION Co's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
For the Household & Personal Products subindustry, TRANSACTION Co's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
TRANSACTION Co Price-to-Graham-Number vs Consumer Packaged Goods Industry
For the Consumer Packaged Goods industry and Consumer Defensive sector, TRANSACTION Co's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where TRANSACTION Co's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
TRANSACTION Co (FRA:MN0) has a Graham Number of €4.32 as of Feb. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on TRANSACTION Co and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, TRANSACTION Co ranks #911 out of 1385 companies in the Consumer Packaged Goods industry, placing it in the top 65.8%.
Is TRANSACTION Co's Graham Number too high?
TRANSACTION Co's current Graham Number is €4.32. Based on the distribution chart, TRANSACTION Co ranks #911 out of 1385 companies in the Consumer Packaged Goods industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, TRANSACTION Co has a GF Score™ of 97/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does TRANSACTION Co's Graham Number compare to PG and CL?
According to the Consumer Packaged Goods industry distribution chart, TRANSACTION Co ranks #911 out of 1385 companies for Graham Number. This places TRANSACTION Co in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.13. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Consumer Packaged Goods company?
The median Graham Number among Consumer Packaged Goods companies is 1.13, based on 1,385 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on TRANSACTION Co and its competitors. For the Consumer Packaged Goods industry, the median Graham Number is 1.13 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. TRANSACTION Co's current Graham Number is €4.32. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is TRANSACTION Co stock overvalued right now?
TRANSACTION Co (FRA:MN0) has a current Graham Number of €4.32. The stock's GF Value™ is €7.17, compared to a current price of €6.30 — trading 12.1% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €4.32. TRANSACTION Co's overall GF Score™ is 97/100 with 4 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For TRANSACTION Co (FRA:MN0), the current Graham Number is €4.32 as of Feb. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is TRANSACTION Co (FRA:MN0) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, TRANSACTION Co stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €6.30 is trading 12.1% below its estimated GF Value™ of €7.17.
Key valuation signals for FRA:MN0:
Graham Number: €4.32
GF Value™: €7.17 vs. price of €6.30 (12.1% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:MN0 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
TRANSACTION Co Ltd engages in the manufacture and sale of eco, lifestyle, and wellness products. The company sells made-to-order products and markets them directly to end-user companies, and also sells its original easy-to-order products to wholesalers. In addition, the company's products are sold to end-users, wholesalers, and others through e-commerce, mainly through its website. Its product portfolio comprises eco bags, fashionable pet wear, disinfecting wipes, masks, disinfectant spray, travel bags, and others, which are marketed through brands like Calulu, Motteru, Gowell, and Leaffresh.
97GF Score
Get the complete analysis for FRA:MN0
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
FRA:MN0 has been successfully added to your 
