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Porto Aviation Group SpAMIL:PAG +1.20%38 Graham Number is €2.58 as of Dec. 2025, which is 100% below its 10-year median of 2.50. GuruFocus rates MIL:PAG with a GF Score™ of 38/100 and a GF Value™ of €6.45 (Significantly Overvalued). The stock has 3 warning signs investors should review. Among 218 Aerospace & Defense companies, Porto Aviation Group SpA ranks worse than 54.59% on this metric.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for Porto Aviation Group SpA's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
MIL:PAG'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 2.09 Med: 2.5 Max: 3.43
Current: 3.28
During the past 5 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Porto Aviation Group SpA was 3.43. The lowest was 2.09. And the median was 2.50.
MIL:PAG's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 54.59% of 218
companies
in the Aerospace & Defense industry
Industry Median: 2.955
vs MIL:PAG: 3.28
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Porto Aviation Group SpA (MIL:PAG) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Porto Aviation Group SpA's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2025 )
=
8.45
/
2.58
=
3.27
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Porto Aviation Group SpA Graham Number Related Terms
Porto Aviation Group SpA Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
MIL:PAG vs SPCX, GE, RTX: Graham Number Comparison
For the Aerospace & Defense subindustry, Porto Aviation Group SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Porto Aviation Group SpA Price-to-Graham-Number vs Aerospace & Defense Industry
For the Aerospace & Defense industry and Industrials sector, Porto Aviation Group SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Porto Aviation Group SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Porto Aviation Group SpA (MIL:PAG) has a Graham Number of €2.58 as of Dec. 2025. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Porto Aviation Group SpA and its competitors. This is near median its historical median of 2.50. Over the past decade, Porto Aviation Group SpA's Graham Number has ranged from 2.09 to 3.43. According to the industry distribution chart, Porto Aviation Group SpA ranks #119 out of 218 companies in the Aerospace & Defense industry, placing it in the top 54.6%.
Is Porto Aviation Group SpA's Graham Number too high?
Porto Aviation Group SpA's current Graham Number of €2.58 is near median its 10-year median of 2.50. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 2.09 to a high of 3.43. Based on the distribution chart, Porto Aviation Group SpA ranks #119 out of 218 companies in the Aerospace & Defense industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, Porto Aviation Group SpA has a GF Score™ of 38/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Porto Aviation Group SpA's Graham Number compare to SPCX and GE?
According to the Aerospace & Defense industry distribution chart, Porto Aviation Group SpA ranks #119 out of 218 companies for Graham Number. This places Porto Aviation Group SpA in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 2.96. Historically, Porto Aviation Group SpA's own Graham Number has ranged from 2.09 to 3.43 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for an Aerospace & Defense company?
The median Graham Number among Aerospace & Defense companies is 2.96, based on 218 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Porto Aviation Group SpA and its competitors. For the Aerospace & Defense industry, the median Graham Number is 2.96 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Porto Aviation Group SpA's current Graham Number is €2.58, which is near median its own 10-year median of 2.50. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Porto Aviation Group SpA stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Porto Aviation Group SpA (MIL:PAG) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €6.45, compared to a current price of €8.45 — trading 31% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €2.58, which is near median its 10-year median of 2.50. Porto Aviation Group SpA's overall GF Score™ is 38/100 with 3 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Porto Aviation Group SpA (MIL:PAG), the current Graham Number is €2.58 as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Porto Aviation Group SpA (MIL:PAG) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Porto Aviation Group SpA stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of €8.45 is trading 31% above its estimated GF Value™ of €6.45.
GuruFocus considers Porto Aviation Group SpA to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for MIL:PAG:
Graham Number: €2.58 (near median its 10-year median of 2.50)
GF Value™: €6.45 vs. price of €8.45 (31% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the MIL:PAG stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Porto Aviation Group SpA designs, constructs, and markets single-engine aircraft. The group develops an activity of manufacturing aeronautical components, particularly propellers, propeller systems, control systems, wheels, braking systems, and hydraulic components.
38GF Score
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