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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-08-12), the stock price of Lightning eMotors is $0.0001. Lightning eMotors's graham number for the quarter that ended in Sep. 2023 was $N/A. Therefore, Lightning eMotors's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for Lightning eMotors's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
ZEVY's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry.
Industry Median: 1.21 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Lightning eMotors (OTCPK:ZEVY) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Lightning eMotors's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Sep. 2023 )
=
0.0001
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Lightning eMotors Graham Number Related Terms
Lightning eMotors Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Lightning eMotors's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
ZEVY vs AMMX, CEAD, ARTW: Graham Number Comparison
For the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery subindustry, Lightning eMotors's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Lightning eMotors Price-to-Graham-Number vs Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery Industry
For the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry and Industrials sector, Lightning eMotors's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Lightning eMotors's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Lightning eMotors (ZEVY) has a Graham Number of $N/A as of Sep. 2023. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Lightning eMotors and its competitors.
Is Lightning eMotors' Graham Number too high?
Lightning eMotors' current Graham Number is $N/A. Overall, Lightning eMotors has a GF Score™ of 12/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Lightning eMotors' Graham Number compare to AMMX and CEAD?
Lightning eMotors' Graham Number of $N/A can be compared against companies in the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.21. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery company?
The median Graham Number among Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery companies is 1.21, based on 163 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Lightning eMotors and its competitors. For the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry, the median Graham Number is 1.21 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Lightning eMotors's current Graham Number is $N/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Lightning eMotors stock overvalued right now?
Lightning eMotors (ZEVY) has a current Graham Number of $N/A. The current Graham Number is $N/A. Lightning eMotors' overall GF Score™ is 12/100. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Lightning eMotors (ZEVY), the current Graham Number is $N/A as of Sep. 2023. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Lightning eMotors Inc is engaged in designing and manufacturing zero-emission commercial trucks and buses and charging infrastructure solutions for fleets, large enterprises, original equipment manufacturers, and governments. Its product offerings range from cargo vans, transit and shuttle buses, school buses, specialty work trucks, ambulances, and electric powertrains for school buses, transit buses, and motor coaches. Its product solutions help its customers reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, lower operating costs and improve energy efficiency.
12GF Score
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