INGVF (ING Groep NV) Beneish M-Score: -2.47 (As of Jun. 24, 2026)


INGVF ING Groep NV INGVF
70 GF Score
Price $31.03
GF Value $21.92
Valuation Significantly Overvalued
! 7 Warning Signs
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What is ING Groep NV Beneish M-Score?

ING Groep NV INGVF 70 Beneish M-Score is -2.47 as of Jun. 24, 2026. GuruFocus rates INGVF with a GF Score™ of 70/100 and a GF Value™ of $21.92 (Significantly Overvalued). The stock has 7 warning signs investors should review. Among 1,396 Banks companies, ING Groep NV ranks better than 64.11% on this metric.

Note: Financial institutions were excluded from the sample in Beneish paper when calculating Beneish M-Score. Thus, the prediction might not fit banks and insurance companies.

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.47 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for ING Groep NV's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

INGVF' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.61   Med: -2.53   Max: -0.09
Current: -2.47

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of ING Groep NV was -0.09. The lowest was -3.61. And the median was -2.53.

INGVF
70GF Score
ING Groep NV INGVF
Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Score™, valuation, warning signs, and more.
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ING Groep NV Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of ING Groep NV for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.9387+0.528 * 1+0.404 * 1+0.892 * 1.1356+0.115 * 1.0238
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 1.0387+4.679 * 0.012051-0.327 * 1.0125
=-2.37

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Dec25) TTM:Last Year (Dec24) TTM:
Total Receivables was $1,098 Mil.
Revenue was $26,819 Mil.
Gross Profit was $26,819 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,234,666 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $2,902 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $779 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $9,418 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $209,858 Mil.
Net Income was $7,409 Mil.
Gross Profit was $0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was $-7,471 Mil.
 Total Receivables was $1,030 Mil.
Revenue was $23,617 Mil.
Gross Profit was $23,617 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,068,634 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $2,549 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $705 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $7,984 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $179,400 Mil.

1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(1098.361 / 26818.501) / (1030.366 / 23616.754)
=0.040955 / 0.043629
=0.9387

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(23616.754 / 23616.754) / (26818.501 / 26818.501)
=1 / 1
=1

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (0 + 2901.639) / 1234666.276) / (1 - (0 + 2548.691) / 1068633.508)
=0.99765 / 0.997615
=1

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=26818.501 / 23616.754
=1.1356

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(704.712 / (704.712 + 2548.691)) / (778.689 / (778.689 + 2901.639))
=0.216608 / 0.211581
=1.0238

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(9418.033 / 26818.501) / (7984.293 / 23616.754)
=0.351177 / 0.338077
=1.0387

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((209858.314 + 0) / 1234666.276) / ((179400 + 0) / 1068633.508)
=0.169972 / 0.167878
=1.0125

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(7408.665 - 0 - -7470.726) / 1234666.276
=0.012051

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

ING Groep NV has a M-score of -2.37 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

Frequently Asked Questions Learn more about Beneish M-Score →
What does a Beneish M-Score of -2.47 mean?
ING Groep NV (INGVF) has a Beneish M-Score of -2.47 as of Jun. 24, 2026. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on ING Groep NV and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, ING Groep NV ranks #501 out of 1396 companies in the Banks industry, placing it in the top 35.9%.
Is ING Groep NV's Beneish M-Score too high?
ING Groep NV's current Beneish M-Score is -2.47. Based on the distribution chart, ING Groep NV ranks #501 out of 1396 companies in the Banks industry, which is above the industry midpoint. Overall, ING Groep NV has a GF Score™ of 70/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does ING Groep NV's Beneish M-Score compare to JPM and BAC?
According to the Banks industry distribution chart, ING Groep NV ranks #501 out of 1396 companies for Beneish M-Score. This puts ING Groep NV in the upper half of its industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Beneish M-Score for a Banks company?
A good Beneish M-Score depends on the Banks industry context. However, Beneish M-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Beneish M-Score mean?
A high Beneish M-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on ING Groep NV and its competitors. ING Groep NV's current Beneish M-Score is -2.47. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is ING Groep NV stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, ING Groep NV (INGVF) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is $21.92, compared to a current price of $31.03 — trading 41.6% above its estimated fair value. The current Beneish M-Score is -2.47. ING Groep NV's overall GF Score™ is 70/100 with 7 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Beneish M-Score calculated?
Beneish M-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For ING Groep NV (INGVF), the current Beneish M-Score is -2.47 as of Jun. 24, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.

Is ING Groep NV (INGVF) Overvalued in 2026?

Based on GuruFocus' analysis, ING Groep NV stock appears to be overvalued. The current stock price of $31.03 is trading 41.6% above its estimated GF Value™ of $21.92. GuruFocus considers ING Groep NV to be Significantly Overvalued.

Key valuation signals for INGVF:

  • Beneish M-Score: -2.47
  • GF Value™: $21.92 vs. price of $31.03 (41.6% above fair value)
  • GF Score™: 70/100 with 7 warning signs

No single metric tells the full story. See the INGVF stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.

ING Groep NV Business Description

Address Bijlmerdreef 106, Amsterdam, NLD, 1102 CT
The merger of the Dutch postal bank and NN Insurance in 1991 created ING. Through a series of further acquisitions, ING has built up a global footprint. The 2008 financial crisis forced ING to seek government support—a precondition of which was that ING should separate its banking and insurance activities, which saw ING revert to being solely a bank. ING has market-leading banking operations in the Netherlands and Belgium, and a range of digital banks across Europe and Australia. Its global wholesale banking operation is primarily focused on lending.
70GF Score

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Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.

$31.03
Price
$21.92
GF Value