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The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Good Sign:
Beneish M-Score -1.81 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
The historical rank and industry rank for Value Golf's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:
TSE:3931'
s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -4 Med: -1.99 Max: -0.96
Current: -1.81
During the past 12 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Value Golf was -0.96. The lowest was -4.00. And the median was -1.99.
Value Golf Beneish M-Score Related Terms
Value Golf Beneish M-Score Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Value Golf's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
For the Publishing subindustry, Value Golf's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Value Golf Beneish M-Score vs Media - Diversified Industry
For the Media - Diversified industry and Communication Services sector, Value Golf's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Value Golf's Beneish M-Score falls into.
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Value Golf for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
M
=
-4.84
+
0.92 * DSRI
+
0.528 * GMI
+
0.404 * AQI
+
0.892 * SGI
+
0.115 * DEPI
=
-4.84
+
0.92 * 1.0878
+
0.528 * 1.016
+
0.404 * 0.6589
+
0.892 * 1.0725
+
0.115 * 1.1807
-
0.172 * SGAI
+
4.679 * TATA
-
0.327 * LVGI
-
0.172 * 1
+
4.679 * 0.145461
-
0.327 * 1.1561
=
-1.81
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
DEPI
=
(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1))
/
(Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=
(44.731 / (44.731 + 182.659))
/
(47.058 / (47.058 + 235.392))
=
0.196715
/
0.166606
=
1.1807
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
TATA
=
(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t
-
CashFlowsfromOperations_t)
/
TotalAssets_t
=
(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t
-
CashFlowsfromOperations_t)
/
TotalAssets_t
=
(-7.948 - 0
-
-471.215)
/
3184.818
=
0.145461
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Value Golf has a M-score of -1.81 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Value Golf (TSE:3931) has a Beneish M-Score of -1.81 as of Jul. 15, 2026. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Value Golf and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Value Golf ranks #809 out of 976 companies in the Media - Diversified industry, placing it in the top 82.9%.
Is Value Golf's Beneish M-Score too high?
Value Golf's current Beneish M-Score is -1.81. Based on the distribution chart, Value Golf ranks #809 out of 976 companies in the Media - Diversified industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Value Golf has a GF Score™ of 50/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Value Golf's Beneish M-Score compare to NYT and WLY?
According to the Media - Diversified industry distribution chart, Value Golf ranks #809 out of 976 companies for Beneish M-Score. This places Value Golf in the lower half of its industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Beneish M-Score for a Media - Diversified company?
A good Beneish M-Score depends on the Media - Diversified industry context. However, Beneish M-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Beneish M-Score mean?
A high Beneish M-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Value Golf and its competitors. Value Golf's current Beneish M-Score is -1.81. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Value Golf stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Value Golf (TSE:3931) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is 円1,280.89, compared to a current price of 円1,883.00 — trading 47% above its estimated fair value. The current Beneish M-Score is -1.81. Value Golf's overall GF Score™ is 50/100 with 8 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Beneish M-Score calculated?
Beneish M-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Value Golf (TSE:3931), the current Beneish M-Score is -1.81 as of Jul. 15, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Value Golf (TSE:3931) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Value Golf stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of 円1,883.00 is trading 47% above its estimated GF Value™ of 円1,280.89.
GuruFocus considers Value Golf to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for TSE:3931:
Beneish M-Score: -1.81
GF Value™: 円1,280.89 vs. price of 円1,883.00 (47% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the TSE:3931 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Value Golf Inc is engaged in the management of golf-related media, issues Golf magazines, and manages WEB services, develops systems and provides ASP services related to golf. It offers value service in both real and WEB. It also has advertisement media production business and medical business which include publication, service management for medical institutions.
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