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The zones of discrimination were as such:
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co has an F-score of 5 indicating the company's financial situation is typical for a stable company.
The historical rank and industry rank for TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's Piotroski F-Score or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Piotroski F-Score of TOWA Pharmaceutical Co was 7. The lowest was 2. And the median was 4.
The historical data trend for TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's Piotroski F-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co Annual Data | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trend | Mar15 | Mar16 | Mar17 | Mar18 | Mar19 | Mar20 | Mar21 | Mar22 | Mar23 | Mar24 | |||||||||||
Piotroski F-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | 3.00 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 |
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co Quarterly Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dec19 | Mar20 | Jun20 | Sep20 | Dec20 | Mar21 | Jun21 | Sep21 | Dec21 | Mar22 | Jun22 | Sep22 | Dec22 | Mar23 | Jun23 | Sep23 | Dec23 | Mar24 | Jun24 | Sep24 | |
Piotroski F-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
For the Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Generic subindustry, TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's Piotroski F-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Piotroski F-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Drug Manufacturers industry and Healthcare sector, TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's Piotroski F-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's Piotroski F-Score falls into.
How is the Piotroski F-Score calculated?
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
This Year (Sep24) TTM: | Last Year (Sep23) TTM: |
Net Income was 4565 + 4655 + 5495 + 1060 = 円15,775 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was 0 + 0 + -5892 + 14546 = 円8,654 Mil. Revenue was 60929 + 59609 + 62566 + 60838 = 円243,942 Mil. Gross Profit was 22168 + 20975 + 23342 + 21572 = 円88,057 Mil. Average Total Assets from the begining of this year (Sep23) to the end of this year (Sep24) was (392919 + 414685 + 430653 + 0 + 442839) / 5 = 円420274 Mil. Total Assets at the begining of this year (Sep23) was 円392,919 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was 円204,459 Mil. Total Current Assets was 円227,249 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was 円74,710 Mil. |
Net Income was -708 + 217 + 4750 + 2203 = 円6,462 Mil. Revenue was 49905 + 68454 + 54548 + 52848 = 円225,755 Mil. Gross Profit was 17876 + 21662 + 20008 + 18232 = 円77,778 Mil. Average Total Assets from the begining of last year (Sep22) to the end of last year (Sep23) was (351659 + 357313 + 371347 + 394170 + 392919) / 5 = 円373481.6 Mil. Total Assets at the begining of last year (Sep22) was 円351,659 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was 円170,955 Mil. Total Current Assets was 円198,996 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was 円69,679 Mil. |
*Note: If the latest quarterly/semi-annual/annual total assets data is 0, then we will use previous quarterly/semi-annual/annual data for all the items in the balance sheet.
Profitability
Question 1. Return on Assets (ROA)
Net income before extraordinary items for the year divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's current Net Income (TTM) was 15,775.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 2. Cash Flow Return on Assets (CFROA)
Net cash flow from operating activities (operating cash flow) divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's current Cash Flow from Operations (TTM) was 8,654.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 3. Change in Return on Assets
Compare this year's return on assets (1) to last year's return on assets.
Score 1 if it's higher, 0 if it's lower.
ROA (This Year) | = | Net Income | / | Total Assets (Sep23) |
= | 15775 | / | 392919 | |
= | 0.04014822 |
ROA (Last Year) | = | Net Income | / | Total Assets (Sep22) |
= | 6462 | / | 351659 | |
= | 0.01837576 |
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's return on assets of this year was 0.04014822. TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's return on assets of last year was 0.01837576.
==> This year is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 4. Quality of Earnings (Accrual)
Compare Cash flow return on assets (2) to return on assets (1)
Score 1 if CFROA > ROA, 0 if CFROA <= ROA.
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's current Net Income (TTM) was 15,775. TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's current Cash Flow from Operations (TTM) was 8,654.
==> 8,654 <= 15,775 ==> CFROA <= ROA ==> Score 0.
Funding
Question 5. Change in Gearing or Leverage
Compare this year's gearing (long-term debt divided by average total assets) to last year's gearing.
Score 0 if this year's gearing is higher, 1 otherwise.
Gearing (This Year: Sep24) | = | Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation | / | Average Total Assets from Sep23 to Sep24 |
= | 204459 | / | 420274 | |
= | 0.48648977 |
Gearing (Last Year: Sep23) | = | Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation | / | Average Total Assets from Sep22 to Sep23 |
= | 170955 | / | 373481.6 | |
= | 0.45773339 |
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's gearing of this year was 0.48648977. TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's gearing of last year was 0.45773339.
==> Last year is lower than this year ==> Score 0.
Question 6. Change in Working Capital (Liquidity)
Compare this year's current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) to last year's current ratio.
Score 1 if this year's current ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Current Ratio (This Year: Sep24) | = | Total Current Assets | / | Total Current Liabilities |
= | 227249 | / | 74710 | |
= | 3.04174809 |
Current Ratio (Last Year: Sep23) | = | Total Current Assets | / | Total Current Liabilities |
= | 198996 | / | 69679 | |
= | 2.85589632 |
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's current ratio of this year was 3.04174809. TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's current ratio of last year was 2.85589632.
==> This year's current ratio is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 7. Change in Shares in Issue
Compare the number of shares in issue this year, to the number in issue last year.
Score 0 if there is larger number of shares in issue this year, 1 otherwise.
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's number of shares in issue this year was 49.223. TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's number of shares in issue last year was 49.222.
==> There is larger number of shares in issue this year. ==> Score 0.
Efficiency
Question 8. Change in Gross Margin
Compare this year's gross margin (Gross Profit divided by sales) to last year's.
Score 1 if this year's gross margin is higher, 0 if it's lower.
Gross Margin (This Year: TTM) | = | Gross Profit | / | Revenue |
= | 88057 | / | 243942 | |
= | 0.36097515 |
Gross Margin (Last Year: TTM) | = | Gross Profit | / | Revenue |
= | 77778 | / | 225755 | |
= | 0.34452393 |
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's gross margin of this year was 0.36097515. TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's gross margin of last year was 0.34452393.
==> This year's gross margin is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 9. Change in asset turnover
Compare this year's asset turnover (total sales for the year divided by total assets at the beginning of the year) to last year's asset turnover ratio.
Score 1 if this year's asset turnover ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Asset Turnover (This Year) | = | Revenue | / | Total Assets at the Beginning of This Year (Sep23) |
= | 243942 | / | 392919 | |
= | 0.62084552 |
Asset Turnover (Last Year) | = | Revenue | / | Total Assets at the Beginning of Last Year (Sep22) |
= | 225755 | / | 351659 | |
= | 0.64197134 |
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's asset turnover of this year was 0.62084552. TOWA Pharmaceutical Co's asset turnover of last year was 0.64197134.
==> Last year's asset turnover is higher ==> Score 0.
Evaluation
Piotroski F-Score | = | Que. 1 | + | Que. 2 | + | Que. 3 | + | Que. 4 | + | Que. 5 | + | Que. 6 | + | Que. 7 | + | Que. 8 | + | Que. 9 |
= | 1 | + | 1 | + | 1 | + | 0 | + | 0 | + | 1 | + | 0 | + | 1 | + | 0 | |
= | 5 |
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co has an F-score of 5 indicating the company's financial situation is typical for a stable company.
TOWA Pharmaceutical Co (TSE:4553) Piotroski F-Score Explanation
The developer of the system is Joseph D. Piotroski is relatively unknown accounting professor who shuns publicity and rarely gives interviews.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a B.S. in accounting in 1989, received an M.B.A. from Indiana University in 1994. Five years later, in 1999, after earning a Ph.D. in accounting from the University of Michigan, he became an associate professor of accounting at the University of Chicago.
In 2000, he wrote a research paper called "Value Investing: The Use of Historical Financial Statement Information to Separate Winners from Losers" (pdf).
He wanted to see if he can develop a system (using a simple nine-point scoring system) that can increase the returns of a strategy of investing in low price to book (referred to in the paper as high book to market) value companies.
What he found was something that exceeded his most optimistic expectations.
Buying only those companies that scored highest (8 or 9) on his nine-point scale, or F-Score as he called it, over the 20 year period from 1976 to 1996 led to an average out-performance over the market of 13.4%.
Even more impressive were the results of a strategy of investing in the highest F-Score companies (8 or 9) and shorting companies with the lowest F-Score (0 or 1).
Over the same period from 1976 to 1996 (20 years) this strategy led to an average yearly return of 23%, substantially outperforming the average S&P 500 index return of 15.83% over the same period.
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