Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2025-04-14), the stock price of Marr SpA is €8.98. Marr SpA's graham number for the quarter that ended in Dec. 2024 was €6.56. Therefore, Marr SpA's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 1.37.
The historical rank and industry rank for Marr SpA's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:M6Z'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 1.4 Med: 2.5 Max: 3.2
Current: 1.4
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Marr SpA was 3.20. The lowest was 1.40. And the median was 2.50.
FRA:M6Z's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 56.96% of 237
companies
in the Retail - Defensive industry
Industry Median: 1.26
vs FRA:M6Z: 1.40
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Marr SpA Graham Number Historical Data
The historical data trend for Marr SpA's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Competitive Comparison of Marr SpA's Graham Number
For the Food Distribution subindustry, Marr SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Marr SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number Distribution in the Retail - Defensive Industry
For the Retail - Defensive industry and Consumer Defensive sector, Marr SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Marr SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Marr SpA (FRA:M6Z) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Marr SpA's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2024 )
=
8.98
/
6.56
=
1.37
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Marr SpA Graham Number Related Terms
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Marr SpA's Graham Number provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
Marr SpA is an Italian distributor of frozen and fresh products to the non-domestic catering sector. The company's products consist of seafood, meat, grocery, fruits and vegetables, and kitchen equipment, as well as private label products. Marr operates through a network of sales agents, distribution centers, stocking platforms, and logistics. The group categorizes the customers as the street market, which includes restaurants and hotels not belonging to groups or chains; the national account, which contains operators of chains and groups and canteens, and the wholesale category. Marr generates more than half of its revenue from street market customers.
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